BIO 1108 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
Animal
Multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes that developfrom embryonic layers. Ingestive
heterotrophs with internal enzymes.
Animal cell structure
Most are sexually reproducing and the life cycle is dominated by 2n, diploid stage. No
cell walls, have tissue
Cleavage
rapid mitosis (forms from zygote)
Blastula
Hollow ball of cells (after cleavage forms)
gastrulation
occurs as the wall of the blastula folds inward, creating tissue layers, resulting in a
gastrula
Evidence that choanoflagellates are closely related to animals
Choanoflagellates are morphologically similar to collar cells in sponges, DNA sequence
data indicates they are sister groups,
Body Plan
set of morphological and developmental traits. Three basic types: radial, asymmetric,
bilateral
Diploblastic
endoderm + ectoderm
triploblastic
has three germ layers: the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.
Coelom
a fluid or air-filled space between digestive tract and outer wall
Protostome and Deuterostome development differ in
cleavage and fate of the blastopore
How many animal phyla are recognized
three dozen
Which is unique to animals:
a. flagellates sperm
b. heterotrophs
c. multicellularity
d. collagen
e. sexual reproduction
d. collagen
An acoelomate such as a flatworm has no endoderm. True/ False
False
Fungi have cell walls while animals do not. True/False
True
An animal is said to have cephalization when...
, it shows an aggregation of nervous tissue at the anterior end
What is the direct result of gastrulation?
A gastrula, primary germ layers
The more complex an animal is the more it resembles a ...
tube
Protostome
an animal whose mouth is formed from the blastopore
Deuterostomes
blastopore becomes anus
Porifera
Sponges; mostly marine, sessile (attached + unmoving) as adults, hermaphroditic, filter
feeders
Choanocytes (collar cells)
cells found in Porifera, line the spongeocoel, engulf food using phagocytosis
Ameobocytes
cells that move around, take up and digest nutrients, and produce skeletal fibers
Cnidaria examples
Jellies, hydras, corals, anemones
Cnidarian characteristics
radial symmetry, diploblastic, GV cavity with one opening. TWO forms, polyp and
medusa. Nerves are in a net!
Cnidocytes
cells that cnidarians have containing "harpoon like" organelles called nematocysts.
Four main groups on Cnidarians
Jellies (Scyphozoans), Box Jellies (Cubozoans), hydras and friends (Hydrozoans), sea
anemones and corals (Anthozoans)
Bilaterians
Member of a clade of animals with bilateral symmetry and three germ layers.
Lophotrochozoans
diverse group of Bilaterians that includes 18 phyla
Playhelminthes
Lophotrochozoans, free-living or parasitic, marine freshwater and terrestrial,
acoelomates
Planarians
Platyhelminthes, free-living and freshwater, predators or scavengers, sexual AND
asexual reproduction, move via cilia/ mucus, cephalization, ganglia and chemoreceptors
Tapeworms
Platyhelminthes, parasitic flatworm. NO mouth or GV. Proglottids used for sexual
reproduction (most mature at posterior)
Mollusca
Lophotrochozoa. Gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods. Coelomates. Foot, visceral mass,
mantle
Annelida
Lophotrochozoa, Earthworms and leeches
clitellum (earthworm)
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
Animal
Multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes that developfrom embryonic layers. Ingestive
heterotrophs with internal enzymes.
Animal cell structure
Most are sexually reproducing and the life cycle is dominated by 2n, diploid stage. No
cell walls, have tissue
Cleavage
rapid mitosis (forms from zygote)
Blastula
Hollow ball of cells (after cleavage forms)
gastrulation
occurs as the wall of the blastula folds inward, creating tissue layers, resulting in a
gastrula
Evidence that choanoflagellates are closely related to animals
Choanoflagellates are morphologically similar to collar cells in sponges, DNA sequence
data indicates they are sister groups,
Body Plan
set of morphological and developmental traits. Three basic types: radial, asymmetric,
bilateral
Diploblastic
endoderm + ectoderm
triploblastic
has three germ layers: the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.
Coelom
a fluid or air-filled space between digestive tract and outer wall
Protostome and Deuterostome development differ in
cleavage and fate of the blastopore
How many animal phyla are recognized
three dozen
Which is unique to animals:
a. flagellates sperm
b. heterotrophs
c. multicellularity
d. collagen
e. sexual reproduction
d. collagen
An acoelomate such as a flatworm has no endoderm. True/ False
False
Fungi have cell walls while animals do not. True/False
True
An animal is said to have cephalization when...
, it shows an aggregation of nervous tissue at the anterior end
What is the direct result of gastrulation?
A gastrula, primary germ layers
The more complex an animal is the more it resembles a ...
tube
Protostome
an animal whose mouth is formed from the blastopore
Deuterostomes
blastopore becomes anus
Porifera
Sponges; mostly marine, sessile (attached + unmoving) as adults, hermaphroditic, filter
feeders
Choanocytes (collar cells)
cells found in Porifera, line the spongeocoel, engulf food using phagocytosis
Ameobocytes
cells that move around, take up and digest nutrients, and produce skeletal fibers
Cnidaria examples
Jellies, hydras, corals, anemones
Cnidarian characteristics
radial symmetry, diploblastic, GV cavity with one opening. TWO forms, polyp and
medusa. Nerves are in a net!
Cnidocytes
cells that cnidarians have containing "harpoon like" organelles called nematocysts.
Four main groups on Cnidarians
Jellies (Scyphozoans), Box Jellies (Cubozoans), hydras and friends (Hydrozoans), sea
anemones and corals (Anthozoans)
Bilaterians
Member of a clade of animals with bilateral symmetry and three germ layers.
Lophotrochozoans
diverse group of Bilaterians that includes 18 phyla
Playhelminthes
Lophotrochozoans, free-living or parasitic, marine freshwater and terrestrial,
acoelomates
Planarians
Platyhelminthes, free-living and freshwater, predators or scavengers, sexual AND
asexual reproduction, move via cilia/ mucus, cephalization, ganglia and chemoreceptors
Tapeworms
Platyhelminthes, parasitic flatworm. NO mouth or GV. Proglottids used for sexual
reproduction (most mature at posterior)
Mollusca
Lophotrochozoa. Gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods. Coelomates. Foot, visceral mass,
mantle
Annelida
Lophotrochozoa, Earthworms and leeches
clitellum (earthworm)
