ANSC 4402 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+
GRADED
What type of uterus does a mare have?
bicornuate (2 horns)
Describe "winking" in a mare.
Winking is the exposing of the clitoris when a mare is in heat/ready to breed.
Name 3 things to consider before breeding a mare.
1. Past reproductive history
2. Age
3. Present status (pregnant, wet, maiden, etc.)
Around what age does fertility begin to decline in the mare?
Around 12 years old (don't wait for performance horses!)
Why is ultrasound preferred instead of palpation for a mare?
Their ovaries have a thick connective tissue covering it, so it's harder to feel differences
between follicles/CL, unlike cattle.
Name 2-3 signs that a mare might have a granulosa cell tumor.
-Behavioral changes ("extra bitchy" as Dr. R would say, haha)
-Excessively peeing everywhere
-Infertility
Where is a granulosa cell tumor located?
On the ovary.
When in heat, the mare's cervix is....
loose & open due to estrogen
When a mare is NOT in heat, their cervix is...
tight & closed due to progesterone
What is the purpose of a caslick procedure?
To close the vulva more to prevent wind sucking or fecal contamination of the vagina.
What type(s) of horses are more prone to wind sucking? Why?
Race/Barrel horses-- air is drawn up into tract while running
What type(s) of horses are more prone to fecal contamination? Why?
Older mares-- their anus can "sink in" if the ischium bone is low, giving the mare poor
vulva confirmation
Vulva should be ____________ with the anus and ____________ the level of the
ischium bone.
1. Even (vertically)
2. Below
How do you insert a pipet when inseminating a mare?
Direct it upwards, then once past vestibule it gets leveled out.
How does mare insemination differ from cow insemination?
-Insert pipet from vagina, not rectum
-Have to insert at an upward angle, then level out past vestibule
What is the vestibule and it's purpose?
It's the part in between the vulva and start of the urethra. It serves as a drainage
system. (Hence why it's sloped downward)
GRADED
What type of uterus does a mare have?
bicornuate (2 horns)
Describe "winking" in a mare.
Winking is the exposing of the clitoris when a mare is in heat/ready to breed.
Name 3 things to consider before breeding a mare.
1. Past reproductive history
2. Age
3. Present status (pregnant, wet, maiden, etc.)
Around what age does fertility begin to decline in the mare?
Around 12 years old (don't wait for performance horses!)
Why is ultrasound preferred instead of palpation for a mare?
Their ovaries have a thick connective tissue covering it, so it's harder to feel differences
between follicles/CL, unlike cattle.
Name 2-3 signs that a mare might have a granulosa cell tumor.
-Behavioral changes ("extra bitchy" as Dr. R would say, haha)
-Excessively peeing everywhere
-Infertility
Where is a granulosa cell tumor located?
On the ovary.
When in heat, the mare's cervix is....
loose & open due to estrogen
When a mare is NOT in heat, their cervix is...
tight & closed due to progesterone
What is the purpose of a caslick procedure?
To close the vulva more to prevent wind sucking or fecal contamination of the vagina.
What type(s) of horses are more prone to wind sucking? Why?
Race/Barrel horses-- air is drawn up into tract while running
What type(s) of horses are more prone to fecal contamination? Why?
Older mares-- their anus can "sink in" if the ischium bone is low, giving the mare poor
vulva confirmation
Vulva should be ____________ with the anus and ____________ the level of the
ischium bone.
1. Even (vertically)
2. Below
How do you insert a pipet when inseminating a mare?
Direct it upwards, then once past vestibule it gets leveled out.
How does mare insemination differ from cow insemination?
-Insert pipet from vagina, not rectum
-Have to insert at an upward angle, then level out past vestibule
What is the vestibule and it's purpose?
It's the part in between the vulva and start of the urethra. It serves as a drainage
system. (Hence why it's sloped downward)
