ANSC 4402 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+
GRADED
What are the most important feedstuffs for working muscles?
Fats and Carbohydrates
Why is it not advised to feed high performance horses a high protein diet?
Proteins take lots of energy to metabolize and yield relatively little energy for working
muscles (4 kcal vs. 9kcal)
How much of a horse's body weight consists of skeletal muscle?
1/3
Name 4 things the skeletal system does for the horse
-helps hold body parts together
-allows movement/maneuverability
-supports joints
-converts stored food energy into mechanical motion
Name the 3 options glucose has in the body
1. be used immediately to produce energy
2. stored as glycogen (stored in skeletal muscle & liver-- must be converted back to
sugar before usage)
3. stored in adipose as triglycerides for later use
Where do VFAs come from?
carbs are fermented in the large colon and VFAs are the by-product
-diet high in FORAGE is important!
What are the 2 options VFAs have in the body
1. used immediately for muscle contraction (acetate most readily available)
2. stored in adipose tissues as triglycerides for later
Why are VFAs so important?
they are a main energy source
(70% of horses energy for maintenance, hair coat, hoof health, etc.)
Why do we supplement performance horse diets with fat?
fatty acids are more efficient for generating energy compared to glycogen (not faster
though!!)
What are the 2 main types of muscle metabolism?
-anaerobic (free fatty acids, VFA, glycogen)
-aerobic (CP, glycogen)
What kind of substrates can anaerobic metabolism use?
Creatine Phosphate
Glycogen
Where does aerobic metabolism occur?
mitochondria of muscle fiber
What kind of substrates can aerobic metabolism use?
Free fatty acids
VFAs
Glycogen
GRADED
What are the most important feedstuffs for working muscles?
Fats and Carbohydrates
Why is it not advised to feed high performance horses a high protein diet?
Proteins take lots of energy to metabolize and yield relatively little energy for working
muscles (4 kcal vs. 9kcal)
How much of a horse's body weight consists of skeletal muscle?
1/3
Name 4 things the skeletal system does for the horse
-helps hold body parts together
-allows movement/maneuverability
-supports joints
-converts stored food energy into mechanical motion
Name the 3 options glucose has in the body
1. be used immediately to produce energy
2. stored as glycogen (stored in skeletal muscle & liver-- must be converted back to
sugar before usage)
3. stored in adipose as triglycerides for later use
Where do VFAs come from?
carbs are fermented in the large colon and VFAs are the by-product
-diet high in FORAGE is important!
What are the 2 options VFAs have in the body
1. used immediately for muscle contraction (acetate most readily available)
2. stored in adipose tissues as triglycerides for later
Why are VFAs so important?
they are a main energy source
(70% of horses energy for maintenance, hair coat, hoof health, etc.)
Why do we supplement performance horse diets with fat?
fatty acids are more efficient for generating energy compared to glycogen (not faster
though!!)
What are the 2 main types of muscle metabolism?
-anaerobic (free fatty acids, VFA, glycogen)
-aerobic (CP, glycogen)
What kind of substrates can anaerobic metabolism use?
Creatine Phosphate
Glycogen
Where does aerobic metabolism occur?
mitochondria of muscle fiber
What kind of substrates can aerobic metabolism use?
Free fatty acids
VFAs
Glycogen
