BEHV 5613 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
"Good" People Definition
-They seem to struggle over issues that some people might not even recognize as
problems.
-They are aware of a sense of vision.
-They seem to have a deep core of ethical values.
"Tough" Choices Definition
-They require us to consider our deepest values.
-They contrast two possibilities that both could be considered right.
Common Paradigms to Categorize Dilemmas
-Truth vs. loyalty
-Short term vs. long term
-Justice vs. mercy
-Individual vs. community
How do the paradigms help us make difficult choices?
-It helps us separate right vs. right issues from right vs. wrong issues.
-It helps us to see past the unnecessary details and into the core issues.
-Reducing dilemmas into common patterns helps us to see the similarity with other
problems and how it is a workable problem.
Principles to View Ethical Dilemmas (3 principles for resolving dilemmas)
,-Ends based thinking
-Rule based thinking
-Care based thinking
Ends Based Thinking
-Utilitarianism
-Do what leads to the greatest good for the greatest number.
-Consequentialism
-Requires one to predict outcomes and consider the consequences
-Teleological philosophy
-Do what's best for the greatest number of people.
-Right and wrong can be assessed by examining consequences.
Rule Based Thinking
-Kant
-Follow the principle that you want everyone else to follow.
-Deontological
-Stick to your principles, despite the consequences.
-Follow your highest sense of principle.
-I ought never to act except in a way that I can also will that my maxim should become
universal law.
-Act on our highest sense of inner concience
-Our actions conform to certain large patterns which can be converted into universal
principles of action.
Care Based Thinking
, -Golden rule
-Imagine how you would feel if you were the recipient of your actions.
-Do what you want others to do to you.
-Putting ourselves in another's shoes.
Criterion of reversibility
"Great Danger" of Ordinary People
At a critical moment, we may not realize we are walking into moral temptation.
3 Ways We Typically Think Wrong
-Violation of law
-Departure from truth
-Deviation from moral rectitude
Violation of Law
We don't know the law and its applications or we willingly choose to violate the law.
Departure From Truth
A lack of correspondence what is said and what actually happened.
Deviation From Moral Rectitude
A lack of correspondence between what we believe to be right and what we actually do.
Immorality -> Wrongdoing
Our values have not been adequately defined -> our actions being out of sync with our
values -> immorality
6 Stages of Moral Judgement (Kohlberg)
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
"Good" People Definition
-They seem to struggle over issues that some people might not even recognize as
problems.
-They are aware of a sense of vision.
-They seem to have a deep core of ethical values.
"Tough" Choices Definition
-They require us to consider our deepest values.
-They contrast two possibilities that both could be considered right.
Common Paradigms to Categorize Dilemmas
-Truth vs. loyalty
-Short term vs. long term
-Justice vs. mercy
-Individual vs. community
How do the paradigms help us make difficult choices?
-It helps us separate right vs. right issues from right vs. wrong issues.
-It helps us to see past the unnecessary details and into the core issues.
-Reducing dilemmas into common patterns helps us to see the similarity with other
problems and how it is a workable problem.
Principles to View Ethical Dilemmas (3 principles for resolving dilemmas)
,-Ends based thinking
-Rule based thinking
-Care based thinking
Ends Based Thinking
-Utilitarianism
-Do what leads to the greatest good for the greatest number.
-Consequentialism
-Requires one to predict outcomes and consider the consequences
-Teleological philosophy
-Do what's best for the greatest number of people.
-Right and wrong can be assessed by examining consequences.
Rule Based Thinking
-Kant
-Follow the principle that you want everyone else to follow.
-Deontological
-Stick to your principles, despite the consequences.
-Follow your highest sense of principle.
-I ought never to act except in a way that I can also will that my maxim should become
universal law.
-Act on our highest sense of inner concience
-Our actions conform to certain large patterns which can be converted into universal
principles of action.
Care Based Thinking
, -Golden rule
-Imagine how you would feel if you were the recipient of your actions.
-Do what you want others to do to you.
-Putting ourselves in another's shoes.
Criterion of reversibility
"Great Danger" of Ordinary People
At a critical moment, we may not realize we are walking into moral temptation.
3 Ways We Typically Think Wrong
-Violation of law
-Departure from truth
-Deviation from moral rectitude
Violation of Law
We don't know the law and its applications or we willingly choose to violate the law.
Departure From Truth
A lack of correspondence what is said and what actually happened.
Deviation From Moral Rectitude
A lack of correspondence between what we believe to be right and what we actually do.
Immorality -> Wrongdoing
Our values have not been adequately defined -> our actions being out of sync with our
values -> immorality
6 Stages of Moral Judgement (Kohlberg)
