BIOL 2600 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
3 reason why evolution is important
Diversity of life
Artificial Selection
Pathogens (natural selection)
Diversity of Life
evolution is needed to understand all biodiversity
Macroevolution
- large changes in evolution
- result of small changes (mutation & changes in allele freq over long period of time)
Microevolution
- small evolutionary step
- can happen in a single generations
- example:: climate change is causing rapid evolution for some species
- many species cannot adapt fast enough and are at high risk of extinction
Brown vs Grey Owls example from lecture
- 1st graph, as snow depth decreases brown owl survivorship increases
-2nd graph, as time increases, snow depth decreases
~Therefore as snow depth decreases (due to climate change) brown owl survivorship
increases
,**this data is not enough to show evolutionary change but can create a hypothesis
possibly due to brown owl colour is less snow whereas grey was better hidden in snow
Artificial Selection
- Humans selectively breed species based on favorable traits
- ex. domestication of plants & animals
Pathogens (natural selection)
- new antibiotics quickly lose their effectiveness because bacteria evolve resistance to
those drugs
*this is a huge concern
How does this happen?
-Mutations
-quick generation
-bacteria that can survive have mutations that are pass on ****Antibiotics are the
selection pressure to bacteria
*This is an example of natural selection
If larger, fewer offspring in upstream sites is an adaptation to predation
pressures:
a) the transplanted population should adapt in the same way
b) the number and size of offspring in the transplanted population will not change
c) the size of the predators will change
the transplanted population should adapt in the same way
, Which of the following is true about
antibiotic resistance in bacteria:
a) It evolved in response to antibiotics
b) It is an example of artificial selection
c) The selection pressure is humans
d) All of the above
It evolved in response to antibiotics
2 types of virus evolution
1 Transmissibility
- faster replication in parts of the human respiratory tract where it's easily aerosolized
- better able to invade host cells
- survive longer in air
2 Overcoming or partially evading a host's immune response
- less important at beginning of outbreak (lower host immunity)
- becomes more important over time
(host immunity from previous infections, vaccinations)
Which of the following is true:
a) Evolution was historically important, but now is quite
rare
b) Evolution today mostly occurs in response to climate
change
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
3 reason why evolution is important
Diversity of life
Artificial Selection
Pathogens (natural selection)
Diversity of Life
evolution is needed to understand all biodiversity
Macroevolution
- large changes in evolution
- result of small changes (mutation & changes in allele freq over long period of time)
Microevolution
- small evolutionary step
- can happen in a single generations
- example:: climate change is causing rapid evolution for some species
- many species cannot adapt fast enough and are at high risk of extinction
Brown vs Grey Owls example from lecture
- 1st graph, as snow depth decreases brown owl survivorship increases
-2nd graph, as time increases, snow depth decreases
~Therefore as snow depth decreases (due to climate change) brown owl survivorship
increases
,**this data is not enough to show evolutionary change but can create a hypothesis
possibly due to brown owl colour is less snow whereas grey was better hidden in snow
Artificial Selection
- Humans selectively breed species based on favorable traits
- ex. domestication of plants & animals
Pathogens (natural selection)
- new antibiotics quickly lose their effectiveness because bacteria evolve resistance to
those drugs
*this is a huge concern
How does this happen?
-Mutations
-quick generation
-bacteria that can survive have mutations that are pass on ****Antibiotics are the
selection pressure to bacteria
*This is an example of natural selection
If larger, fewer offspring in upstream sites is an adaptation to predation
pressures:
a) the transplanted population should adapt in the same way
b) the number and size of offspring in the transplanted population will not change
c) the size of the predators will change
the transplanted population should adapt in the same way
, Which of the following is true about
antibiotic resistance in bacteria:
a) It evolved in response to antibiotics
b) It is an example of artificial selection
c) The selection pressure is humans
d) All of the above
It evolved in response to antibiotics
2 types of virus evolution
1 Transmissibility
- faster replication in parts of the human respiratory tract where it's easily aerosolized
- better able to invade host cells
- survive longer in air
2 Overcoming or partially evading a host's immune response
- less important at beginning of outbreak (lower host immunity)
- becomes more important over time
(host immunity from previous infections, vaccinations)
Which of the following is true:
a) Evolution was historically important, but now is quite
rare
b) Evolution today mostly occurs in response to climate
change
