EVOLUTION - BIOL-2600 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
LECTURE 1
INTRODUCTION
Why is evolution important?
1. diversity of life
2. artificial selection
3. pathogens (natural selection)
define macroevolution
the change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next
explain artificial selection
- humans influence how organisms change
- humans choose the strawberry plants with the biggest fruit and over time all strawberry
plants that we grow have that big of fruit
how do pathogens influence natural selection?
the more resistant bacteria will survive and multiply, making it more impactful
what are 2 ways a bacteria can become more impactful?
+ explain
1. increased transmissibility
- faster replication
,better able to evade host cells
survive longer in air
2. overcoming or partially evading a host's immune response
- when host immunity is high this is their strategy to avoid that
what did Redi's experiment (1668) prove?
that life did not occur through spontaneous generation
what was Jean-Baptist Lamarck's theory?
+ give and example
that individuals could inherit characteristics acquired by their parents
ex: giraffes have long necks because their ancestors were always reaching up for food
define epi-genetics
changes in the genome that do not effect the DNA sequence.
they impact the structure of the genes
ex: when the turn on and off
give an example that supports epi-genetics
when individuals who are pregnant are very stressed their entire pregnancy, their
babies will have behavioral defects (poor learning, poor memory, anxiety)
LECTURE 2
NATURAL SELECTION PART I
, what are the two important differences between artificial and natural selection?
1. selective agent
2. selected traits
in natural selection...
1. the selective agent is...
2. the selected trait is...
1. nature
2. benefit organism under selection
in artificial selection...
1. the selective agent is...
2. the selected agent is...
1. humans
2. what will benefit humans
where did Lamarck go wrong in his theory in evolution?
he didn't think that all species descended from one common ancestor (unlike darwin)
do populations or individuals evolve?
populations
can evolution occur over one generation?
yes! the change in alleles over one generation is considered evolution
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
LECTURE 1
INTRODUCTION
Why is evolution important?
1. diversity of life
2. artificial selection
3. pathogens (natural selection)
define macroevolution
the change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next
explain artificial selection
- humans influence how organisms change
- humans choose the strawberry plants with the biggest fruit and over time all strawberry
plants that we grow have that big of fruit
how do pathogens influence natural selection?
the more resistant bacteria will survive and multiply, making it more impactful
what are 2 ways a bacteria can become more impactful?
+ explain
1. increased transmissibility
- faster replication
,better able to evade host cells
survive longer in air
2. overcoming or partially evading a host's immune response
- when host immunity is high this is their strategy to avoid that
what did Redi's experiment (1668) prove?
that life did not occur through spontaneous generation
what was Jean-Baptist Lamarck's theory?
+ give and example
that individuals could inherit characteristics acquired by their parents
ex: giraffes have long necks because their ancestors were always reaching up for food
define epi-genetics
changes in the genome that do not effect the DNA sequence.
they impact the structure of the genes
ex: when the turn on and off
give an example that supports epi-genetics
when individuals who are pregnant are very stressed their entire pregnancy, their
babies will have behavioral defects (poor learning, poor memory, anxiety)
LECTURE 2
NATURAL SELECTION PART I
, what are the two important differences between artificial and natural selection?
1. selective agent
2. selected traits
in natural selection...
1. the selective agent is...
2. the selected trait is...
1. nature
2. benefit organism under selection
in artificial selection...
1. the selective agent is...
2. the selected agent is...
1. humans
2. what will benefit humans
where did Lamarck go wrong in his theory in evolution?
he didn't think that all species descended from one common ancestor (unlike darwin)
do populations or individuals evolve?
populations
can evolution occur over one generation?
yes! the change in alleles over one generation is considered evolution
