BIOL 4100 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
The TCA cycle is capable of generating all of the following products from
oxidation of each acetyl CoA molecule EXCEPT...
a. two CO2 molecules
b. two FADH2
c. 3 NADH molecules
d. one ATP molecule
e. two water molecules
two water molecules
(T/F) Oxygen is always required for the regeneration of NAD and NADH.
The enzyme pyruvate kinase catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to
pyruvate; the phosphate group is transferred to ADP to form ATP. This reaction is
an example of:
a. ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation
b. ATP synthesis through substrate-level phosphorylation
When chemoorganotrophs oxidize an organic energy source, the electrons
released are accepted by electron carriers such as NAD+ and FAD. When these
reduced electron carriers (e.g., NADH, FADH2) in turn donate the electrons to an
electron transport chain, the metabolic process is called _________.
respiration
,Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b as well as the accessory pigments in an antenna
array with a reaction center chlorophyll. These arrays with the reaction center
chlorophyll are known as ____________
photosystems
Metabolism
The sum total of the chemical reactions a cell needs to carry out to survive, grow, and
reproduce
Catabolism
breaking down into smaller molecules generating a useful form of energy for the cell
and some of the small molecules that the cell needs as building blocks
Anabolic
use energy harnessed by catabolism to drive the synthesis of the many molecules that
form the cell
(T/F) Biological structures are highly ordered.
True
Second Law of Thermodynamics
universal tendency of things to become disordered (systems will change spontaneously
toward arrangements with greater entropy)
(T/F) Movement towards disorder is a spontaneous process
True (requires a periodic input of energy to reverse it)
Entropy
a measure of the disorder of a system
___________ is energy in its most disordered form.
, Heat
What happens to the heat produced by metabolic reactions of the cell?
dispersed into the cell's surrounding therefore increasing the entropy of the cell's
environment while increasing order inside the cell
(T/F) Different forms of energy are interconvertible, but the total amount of energy
must be conserved
true
Photosynthesis
process that converts the electromagnetic energy in sunlight into chemical-bond energy
in cells
What is all of the oxygen in the air we breathe generated by?
splitting of water molecules during the first stage of photosynthesis
In both plants and animals, this chemical energy is extracted from food
molecules by a process of ___________
gradual oxidation (or controlled burning)
Cell Respiration
Process by which cells harvest the energy stored in food molecules; usually
accompanied by the uptake of O2 and the release of CO2
Individual carbon atoms are incorporated into organic molecules of the living
world by:
photosynthetic activity of plants, algae, and bacteria (They then pass to animals and
microorganisms—as well as into organic material in soil and oceans—and are ultimately
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
The TCA cycle is capable of generating all of the following products from
oxidation of each acetyl CoA molecule EXCEPT...
a. two CO2 molecules
b. two FADH2
c. 3 NADH molecules
d. one ATP molecule
e. two water molecules
two water molecules
(T/F) Oxygen is always required for the regeneration of NAD and NADH.
The enzyme pyruvate kinase catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to
pyruvate; the phosphate group is transferred to ADP to form ATP. This reaction is
an example of:
a. ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation
b. ATP synthesis through substrate-level phosphorylation
When chemoorganotrophs oxidize an organic energy source, the electrons
released are accepted by electron carriers such as NAD+ and FAD. When these
reduced electron carriers (e.g., NADH, FADH2) in turn donate the electrons to an
electron transport chain, the metabolic process is called _________.
respiration
,Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b as well as the accessory pigments in an antenna
array with a reaction center chlorophyll. These arrays with the reaction center
chlorophyll are known as ____________
photosystems
Metabolism
The sum total of the chemical reactions a cell needs to carry out to survive, grow, and
reproduce
Catabolism
breaking down into smaller molecules generating a useful form of energy for the cell
and some of the small molecules that the cell needs as building blocks
Anabolic
use energy harnessed by catabolism to drive the synthesis of the many molecules that
form the cell
(T/F) Biological structures are highly ordered.
True
Second Law of Thermodynamics
universal tendency of things to become disordered (systems will change spontaneously
toward arrangements with greater entropy)
(T/F) Movement towards disorder is a spontaneous process
True (requires a periodic input of energy to reverse it)
Entropy
a measure of the disorder of a system
___________ is energy in its most disordered form.
, Heat
What happens to the heat produced by metabolic reactions of the cell?
dispersed into the cell's surrounding therefore increasing the entropy of the cell's
environment while increasing order inside the cell
(T/F) Different forms of energy are interconvertible, but the total amount of energy
must be conserved
true
Photosynthesis
process that converts the electromagnetic energy in sunlight into chemical-bond energy
in cells
What is all of the oxygen in the air we breathe generated by?
splitting of water molecules during the first stage of photosynthesis
In both plants and animals, this chemical energy is extracted from food
molecules by a process of ___________
gradual oxidation (or controlled burning)
Cell Respiration
Process by which cells harvest the energy stored in food molecules; usually
accompanied by the uptake of O2 and the release of CO2
Individual carbon atoms are incorporated into organic molecules of the living
world by:
photosynthetic activity of plants, algae, and bacteria (They then pass to animals and
microorganisms—as well as into organic material in soil and oceans—and are ultimately
