BIOL 4100 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
Glycolipids and sphingomyelin are synthesized from __________ in the ________.
ceramide; Golgi
describe ceramides
waxy lipids composed of sphingosine and fatty acid tail
how is Sphingomyelin synthesized
by transfer of a phosphorylcholine group from phosphatidylcholine to ceramide
Addition of carbohydrates to ceramide yields a variety of different ____________
glycolipids
Transport from the Golgi to the cell surface can occur by three routes:
- Direct transport to the plasma membrane
- Recycling endosomes
- Regulated secretory pathways
membrane domains
apical domains and basolateral domains
Three experimental approaches to study vesicular transport:
,1. Isolation of yeast mutants defective in protein transport and sorting
2. Reconstitution of vesicular transport in cell-free systems
3. Biochemical analysis of synaptic vesicles LOOK AT SLIDE FOR MORE
immunostaining
GFP something look at slide
Transport vesicles from the ER are coated with ________________
cytosolic coat proteins
describe how vesicles work
Coats assemble as the vesicle buds off and are removed in the cytosol before it
reaches its target. The vesicles fuse with the target membrane, empty their cargo, and
insert their membrane proteins into the target membrane
three families of vesicle coat proteins:
- COPII-coated vesicles
- COPI-coated vesicles
- Clathrin-coated vesicles
COPII-coated vessicles
carry proteins from the ER to the ERGIC and on to the Golgi apparatus. COPII vesicles
draw their name because they are coated by Coat Protein Complex II. This type of
transport is called anterograde transport
, COPI-coated vesicles
bud from the ERGIC (ER-Golgi intermediate compartment) or Golgi and carry their
cargo back, returning proteins to earlier compartments. COPI vesicles are coated by
Coat Protein Complex I. This type of transport is called retrograde transport
Clathrin-coated vesicles
transport in both directions between the trans Golgi network, endosomes, lysosomes,
and plasma membrane.
what regulates formation of coated vesicles?
small GTP-binding proteins (ARF1 and Sar1), related to Ras and Ran GTPases.
Interactions between ___________ and _________ are responsible for clathring
vesicles self-assembly
adaptor protein; clathrin
describe clathrin
Human clathrin have two polypeptide chains. Heavy ~190kDa chain and light chain ~14
kDa chain. Heavy chains are associated by their C-termini forming triskelion. Light
chains modulate heavy chain polimerization
triskeleton . . .
- flexible
- Assembles into pentagons and hexagons
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
Glycolipids and sphingomyelin are synthesized from __________ in the ________.
ceramide; Golgi
describe ceramides
waxy lipids composed of sphingosine and fatty acid tail
how is Sphingomyelin synthesized
by transfer of a phosphorylcholine group from phosphatidylcholine to ceramide
Addition of carbohydrates to ceramide yields a variety of different ____________
glycolipids
Transport from the Golgi to the cell surface can occur by three routes:
- Direct transport to the plasma membrane
- Recycling endosomes
- Regulated secretory pathways
membrane domains
apical domains and basolateral domains
Three experimental approaches to study vesicular transport:
,1. Isolation of yeast mutants defective in protein transport and sorting
2. Reconstitution of vesicular transport in cell-free systems
3. Biochemical analysis of synaptic vesicles LOOK AT SLIDE FOR MORE
immunostaining
GFP something look at slide
Transport vesicles from the ER are coated with ________________
cytosolic coat proteins
describe how vesicles work
Coats assemble as the vesicle buds off and are removed in the cytosol before it
reaches its target. The vesicles fuse with the target membrane, empty their cargo, and
insert their membrane proteins into the target membrane
three families of vesicle coat proteins:
- COPII-coated vesicles
- COPI-coated vesicles
- Clathrin-coated vesicles
COPII-coated vessicles
carry proteins from the ER to the ERGIC and on to the Golgi apparatus. COPII vesicles
draw their name because they are coated by Coat Protein Complex II. This type of
transport is called anterograde transport
, COPI-coated vesicles
bud from the ERGIC (ER-Golgi intermediate compartment) or Golgi and carry their
cargo back, returning proteins to earlier compartments. COPI vesicles are coated by
Coat Protein Complex I. This type of transport is called retrograde transport
Clathrin-coated vesicles
transport in both directions between the trans Golgi network, endosomes, lysosomes,
and plasma membrane.
what regulates formation of coated vesicles?
small GTP-binding proteins (ARF1 and Sar1), related to Ras and Ran GTPases.
Interactions between ___________ and _________ are responsible for clathring
vesicles self-assembly
adaptor protein; clathrin
describe clathrin
Human clathrin have two polypeptide chains. Heavy ~190kDa chain and light chain ~14
kDa chain. Heavy chains are associated by their C-termini forming triskelion. Light
chains modulate heavy chain polimerization
triskeleton . . .
- flexible
- Assembles into pentagons and hexagons
