BIOL 4100 EXAM 5 REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Primary messengers may belong to what classes of molecules?
Proteins, Steroids, Fatty acid derivatives, Amino acid derivatives, Gases
Juxtacrine signaling
is mediated by cell to cell contacts
Endocrine signaling
involves secretion of the hormone into the blood stream
Paracrine signaling
depends on local mediators and acts on neighboring cells
Autocrine signaling
is when secreted mediator regulates the cell that secreted it
Notch signaling is an example of
a. paracrine signaling
b. autocrine signaling
c. endocrine signaling
d. juxtacrine signaling
d. juxtacrine signaling
Adrenaline signaling is an example of
a. autocrine signaling
b. juxtacrine signaling
c. endocrine signaling
d. paracrine signaling
, c. endocrine signaling
Describe mechanism of cell response to progesterone.
Is response gradual or all-or-none on the tissue level? (1pt)
Is response gradual or all-or-none on the level of individual cells? (1pt)
Explain how response on the cellular level results in reponse on the tissue level
(2 pts).
There is a gradual response on the tissue level and an all or none response on the
cellular level. The way I think of it is like grains of sand in a jar. The grains of sand are
the individual cells and the height of the sand in the jar represents the gradual
response. So basically, the cells either have the progesterone or they do not. When
they do have it, they add to the gradual response being created in the tissue.
Explain concept of the feedback loop in signaling networks.
Explain how positive feedback loop operates (1pt). Provide example of the
positive feedback loop (1 pt).
Explain how negative feedback loop operates (1pt). Provide example of the
negative feedback loop (1 pt).
Positive Feedback Loop: stimulus --> A --> B --> A --> B and so on. Basically whatever
is being made causes more of the same to be produced.
Negative Feedback Loop: stimulus --> A --> B --> 0 Basically, the negative feedback
goes against what the stimulus produces and prevents more from being made.
Feedback loops are very important in the MAP kinase pathway. The production of ERK
is positive for the activation of Raf. The production of ERK is negative for the GRB2
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Primary messengers may belong to what classes of molecules?
Proteins, Steroids, Fatty acid derivatives, Amino acid derivatives, Gases
Juxtacrine signaling
is mediated by cell to cell contacts
Endocrine signaling
involves secretion of the hormone into the blood stream
Paracrine signaling
depends on local mediators and acts on neighboring cells
Autocrine signaling
is when secreted mediator regulates the cell that secreted it
Notch signaling is an example of
a. paracrine signaling
b. autocrine signaling
c. endocrine signaling
d. juxtacrine signaling
d. juxtacrine signaling
Adrenaline signaling is an example of
a. autocrine signaling
b. juxtacrine signaling
c. endocrine signaling
d. paracrine signaling
, c. endocrine signaling
Describe mechanism of cell response to progesterone.
Is response gradual or all-or-none on the tissue level? (1pt)
Is response gradual or all-or-none on the level of individual cells? (1pt)
Explain how response on the cellular level results in reponse on the tissue level
(2 pts).
There is a gradual response on the tissue level and an all or none response on the
cellular level. The way I think of it is like grains of sand in a jar. The grains of sand are
the individual cells and the height of the sand in the jar represents the gradual
response. So basically, the cells either have the progesterone or they do not. When
they do have it, they add to the gradual response being created in the tissue.
Explain concept of the feedback loop in signaling networks.
Explain how positive feedback loop operates (1pt). Provide example of the
positive feedback loop (1 pt).
Explain how negative feedback loop operates (1pt). Provide example of the
negative feedback loop (1 pt).
Positive Feedback Loop: stimulus --> A --> B --> A --> B and so on. Basically whatever
is being made causes more of the same to be produced.
Negative Feedback Loop: stimulus --> A --> B --> 0 Basically, the negative feedback
goes against what the stimulus produces and prevents more from being made.
Feedback loops are very important in the MAP kinase pathway. The production of ERK
is positive for the activation of Raf. The production of ERK is negative for the GRB2
