PSYCH 4240 Quizzes | Complete Solutions (Answered)

PSYCH 4240 Quizzes | Complete Solutions (Answered) Scientific mindedness is observed when a psychotherapist ... a. forms hypotheses based on stereotypes and seeks information to confirm these stereotypes. b. forms hypotheses from stereotypes and can check on whether the stereotypes are accurate or not. c. Is methodical about her observations, turns them into data, and shares these with her clients. d. forms hypotheses, finds creative ways to tests them, and then makes decisions on the basis of these findings. Culture specific-expertise is the dimension of cultural competence that included which three sub-components? a. Self-awareness, group-specific knowledge, and group-specific skills that are effective in psychotherapy. b. Dynamic sizing, group-specific knowledge, and group-specific skills that are effective in psychotherapy. c. Dynamic sizing, scientific mindedness, and group-specific skills that are effective in psychotherapy. d. Dynamic sizing, scientific mindedness, and self-awareness of culture and privilege. Dynamic sizing is observed when a psychotherapist ... a. can take clients' reports into account and determine the degree of relevance of culture to the clients' presenting concerns. b. properly accounts for acculturation in the clients' life and can adjust the goals of psychotherapy accordingly. c. understands the complexities of intersectionality and can pick the relative importance of multiple identities of a client (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status). d. can accurately generalize or individualize information as needed in the context of the therapeutic relationship. Is ethnic matching related to outcomes in psychotherapy for ethnic minorities? The research shows that matching the therapist and the patient on their ethnicity ... a. is necessary for good outcomes across ethnic groups. b. appears to be linked to good outcomes for some ethnic groups and not others. c. only works when clients and therapists are also matched on gender. d. Works only when the clients and therapists are matched to specific subgroups (e.g., Chinese) rather than general groups (e.g., Asians). According to Sue, psychotherapists who are "culturally competent" should be able to: a. Appreciate, recognize, and effectively work with people from cultural groups other than their own. b. Demonstrate that they have had proper training before working with ethnically or culturally diverse clients. c. Clearly communicate their ethnic identity and cultural background to their patients to properly frame psychotherapy within a cultural context. d. Have very specific knowledge about their client's ethnic group so they can know what to expect when working with those kinds of clients. What is the best example of having a broad definition of culture? a. You include disability, sexuality, and other factors in your definition b. You define culture as being completely different for every person c. You define culture in terms of a spectrum of genetic classifications d. Your definition of culture includes the generation in which a person was born Name one of the societal divisions within the APA which address multicultural issues. a. Society for the Psychology of Women b. Society for Humanistic Psychology c. Society for Health Psychology d. Society of Clinical Psychology Race differs from culture in that culture focuses on a. biological differences. b. the shared attitudes and beliefs of a group. c. the degree to which one assimilates to a new surrounding. d. the socially constructed meaning of phenotypic differences. Most of the genetic basis for what we call "race" is superficial, and people have far more commonalities than differences genetically. True False The research findings of Clark and Clark's (1939) doll study played a crucial role in which of the following Supreme Court decisions? a. Loving v. Virginia b. Plessy v. Ferguson c. Brown v. Board of Education d. Roe v. Wade Which of the following reflect multicultural issues in intelligence measures today? a. They require a high level of engagement from the participant b. They include culture-bound items c. Multiple language versions are rarely available d. All of the above The term "eugenics" refers to _______? a. The study of environmentally activated genes b. A Euro-centric political ideology revolving around social Darwinism c. A humanistic self-actualizing framework which celebrates an individual's culture d. The study of culture-free measures Authors Mio and Awakuni assert that resistance to multicultural issues is rooted in various forms of _____? a. Privilege b. Guilt c. Racism d. Psychopathology In his coming-out process, TaShaun struggled with the different parts of his identity. As a male, he has many privileges because he's in the dominant group. However, as a gay man, he faces homophobia, and as an African American, he faces racism. TaShaun's struggles around identity illustrate the concept of a. tolerance. b. multicultural counseling and therapy. c. social institutions. d. intersectionality. Suzanne strongly believes that all people, regardless of their background, deserve to have access to the same resources, such as quality housing, food, education, and health care. Which basic assumption of multiculturalism does this illustrate? a. Tolerance b. Sensitivity c. Equity d. Respect What is "bias of the user"? a. Introduction of bias by the maker of the test b. Introduction of bias by the individuals tested c. Introduction of bias by the interpreter of the test d. Introduction of bias by the majority group tested If a therapist diagnoses ethnic minorities displaying the same symptoms as their White counterparts as having schizophrenia whereas the therapist diagnoses the White clients as having bipolar disorder, this therapist is demonstrating a a. problem of treatment. b. problem of identification. c. bias of the user of the test. d. bias in the usage of the test. What is "bias in the usage"? a. Using non-standard criteria in a test b. Using only majority group criteria to measure a diverse group c. Using different criteria to measure each group tested d. Adapting measures to make each item more challenging for select groups ____ validity refers to causal inference. a. Construct b. Face c. Internal d. External Using a system of statistics comparing numbers to make inferences about differences between groups or individuals is an example of what kind of research? a. Cross-sectional b. Correlational c. Longitudinal d. Time-consuming Name the two groups of participants involved in a standard psychology research project. a. Randomized and Non-randomized b. Control and Experimental c. Trial and Stasis d. Empirical and Subjective What is the term for "a scientific approach that attempts to measure real phenomena through methods of numbers and statistical analyses"? a. Induction b. Logical positivism c. Hard determinism d. Post-modern objectivism A researcher is collecting data at a single time across a wide number of age groups. This researcher is interested in seeing if people in their 50s, 60s, and 70s respond alike or differently from one another. This researcher is employing a ________ experimental design. a. cross-sectional b. longitudinal c. sequential d. gradual What is a downside of using quantitative methods in multicultural research? a. Rich information and contextual variables may be lost b. Quantitative methods are not as highly regarded as other methods c. Quantitative methods invariably take more time d. Information gained from quantitative methods is not easily explainable "The dominant research paradigm in American psychology... sees Whites as the standard against which all others are measured." By which name does this paradigm go? a. This paradigm is extremely common, but unnamed b. The "culture free" standard c. The "white ideal" d. The "white standard" As far as emic and etic data are concerned, "truth" can be said to be comprised of... a. Emic data alone b. Etic data alone c. Epic data alone d. Emic and etic data together e. Emic, etic, and epic data Individualism and collectivism are frequently used to describe societal perspectives. What are some comparable terms for individuals? a. Isolationism and natalism b. Idiocentrism and allocentrism c. Exceptionalism and familialism d. Fundamentalism and culturalism Protecting one's public persona is called a. Losing face b. Saving face c. Face giving d. Face seeking What is a key distinction between White ethnics and ALANAs? a. ALANAs almost always lose sense of their previous identity due to cultural pressure b. White ethnics usually have no idea into which "mold" they are supposed to fit c. White ethnics can selectively put on and take off their more recent immigrant identity d. ALANAs are far less likely to be targets of racism if their families immigrated a long time ago The emic approach is also known as... a. The "indigenous and cultural psychology" approach b. The "cross-cultural psychology" approach c. The "going native" approach d. The "subjective psychology" approach Collectivistic societies punish violations of cultural expectations through use of a. Fear b. Guilt c. Shame d. Aggression How do men and women experience aggression differently? a. Men experience more aggression from strangers, whereas women experience more aggression from someone they know. b. Men experience more aggression from someone they know, whereas women experience more aggression from strangers. c. Men experience more aggression from acquaintances, whereas women experience more aggression from intimate partners. d. Men experience more aggression from intimate partners, whereas women experience more aggression from acquaintances. Extolling the virtues of another person in public is called a. Losing face b. Saving face c. Face giving d. Face seeking According to Kitayama and Markus' (2000) examination of happiness and subjective well-being, one reason why one gives face in collectivistic societies is because a. it is expected that there will be a reciprocal behavior. b. the good feelings between the two people are owned by each individual. c. there will be a good feeling about the relationship between the two individuals. d. one wants to prevent the other from bragging about the award, causing embarrassment. Why do Asian American college students often feel unable to self-disclose to their therapists? a. Fear of rejection b. Fear of authority c. Fear of individualism d. Fear of losing face Which of the following are possible effects of bilingualism? a. Proficiency in one language deteriorates over time b. Different qualitative sense of identity when using one language over the other c. Increased or decreased awareness of one's native culture d. All of the above The presumption that suggests we should rely on knowledge of our previous relationship with our conversational partner is known as the Maxim of: a. Experience with conversational partner b. Repetition with conversational partner c. Relations with conversational partner d. History with conversational partner In general, do people from Asian cultures prefer direct or indirect communication? Direct Indirect Direct eye contact with an American Indian elder may be ... a. considered disrespectful and should be avoided b. a sign that you are paying careful attention to their advice c. required only when in the company of multiple people d. an indication that the conversation is serious Amir immigrates to the United States from Saudi Arabia. Amir's daughter is born in the United States and learns Arabic and English at the same time. Amir's daughter's language facility is called a. additive bilingualism. b. subtractive bilingualism. c. language attrition. d. native bilingualism. What is frequently an aspect of Latino/a culture that may be surprising and create awkward interactions with European American culture? a. Low level of trust b. Boundless optimism in even the most dire life situations c. Much larger personal space boundaries in general d. Higher amount of touch among familiar people Adipat immigrates to the United States from Thailand as a young boy. Over time, his English replaces his Thai so that by the time he is in college, he can no longer speak Thai. This process is called a. additive bilingualism. b. subtractive bilingualism. c. language elongation. d. native bilingualism. The presumption that we tell each other the truth in our conversations is known as Grice's Maxim of: a. integrity b. relevance c. truth d. quality The cooperative principle proposes that we all strive to communicate with one another in what ways? a. Sincere and effective b. Indirect and passive c. Direct and forceful d. Kind and polite Which of these examples illustrates the most low-context communication? a. A job interview b. A children's television show c. A philosophy lecture d. A political debate Which acculturation strategy involves combining aspects of both the origin and host cultures? a. Assimilationist b.Separationist c. Marginalist d. Integrationist What role do traditional family hierarchies play in the acculturation process? a. Maintaining traditional hierarchies is essential to speeding up acculturation. b. Rigid gender roles help support the family unit during acculturation. c. Elderly immigrants powerfully guide the family's decision making process in the new host country. d. Flexible roles offer greater equality and opportunities for women and children in their new home. What layer of cultural context is determined by the cultural norms and societal rules which govern conduct? a. Microsystem b. Mesosystem c. Exosystem d. Macrosystem What "refugee career" term refers to the conditions that force refugees from their homelands? a. Flight b. Predeparture c. Conflict d. Departure Which of the following statements is NOT true of immigrants? a. Immigrants usually have time to consider their migration. b. Immigrants are often looking for better opportunities. c. Social support networks maybe easier to access for immigrants than refugees. d. Immigrants usually feel right at home in their new country. Laframboise's definition of acculturation—maintaining cultural identity while being competent in host culture—is identical to Berry's. True False What "refugee career" term refers to the period of transit away from the home country? a. Flight b. Refuge c. Upheaval d. Settlement What layer of cultural context includes relationships among major societal institutions, media, and government? a. Microsystem b. Mesosystem c. Ecosystem d. Macrosystem What term describes the similarity of the social and cultural context between an immigrant's country of origin and host country? a. Ecological fit b. Ecological balance c. Ecological transfer d. Ecological identity Immigrants and refugees are an important target for many social relief programs to help them communicate with others in their new host country. True False What is the theory which states that when two cognitions are in conflict, a person will be motivated to change one of them to reduce the unsettled feelings caused by the discrepancy? a. Cognitive discrepancy theory b. Cognitive dissonance theory c. Cognitive dichotomy theory d. Cognitive distortion theory Which form of microaggression is an unintentional behavior or comment conveying rudeness or insensitivity? a. Microinvalidation b. Microinsult c. Microassault d. Microintimidation