MLS ASCP MICROBIOLOGY
1. What class of organisms grow optimally at 15C?: psychrophiles
2. What class of organisms grow optimally at 37C?: mesophiles
3. What class of organisms grow optimally at 50-60C?: Thermophiles
4. What is the pH that is optimized for most bacteria?: 6.5-7.5
5. What is the pH that is optimized for most fungi?: 5.0-6.0
6. What are organisms that require O2 to grow called?: aerobes
7. What are organisms that can grow with or without O2 called?: Facultative anaerobes
8. What are organisms that are harmed by O2 called?: Obligate anaerobes
9. What are some organisms harmed by oxygen and others not?: O2 causes the formation of superoxide radicals
which are toxic to organisms that do not produce catalase, peroxide, and superoxide dismutase
10.If an organism is a microaerophile what does that mean?: It prefers lower O2 than in air
11.If an organism is a capnophile what does that mean?: it prefers higher CO2 than in air
12.If an organization is aerotolerant what does that mean?: it does not require O2 and is not poisoned by it
13.What is agar?: a polysaccharide derived from marine algae
14.What temperature does agar melt?: 100C
15.What temperature does agar solidify?: 45C
16.What does anaerobic media contain?: contains reducing agents which bind with dissolved O2 such as
thioglycollate and cysteine
17.What are the three typical incubation requirements for a culture?: 5-10% CO2, 35-37C, 50-70% humidity
18.What is the mechanism of action, the pressure, temperature, and time taken for an autoclave: autoclaves
use moist heat with 15 lbs pressure/sq in at 121C for 15 mins
19.What is the mechanism of action, temperature, and time taken for an incinerator?: Uses dry heat with
a hot air oven at 170C for 2hrs
20.What is the mechanism of action, temperature, and time taken for pasteur- ization?: uses ultra-high
temperature at 140C for 3 seconds
, MLS ASCP MICROBIOLOGY
21.T/F pasteurization is sterilization: False
22.What is the pore size used for filtration?: 0.22u-0.45u
23.What are three examples of times when filtration is used?: sugar solutions, urea media, and vaccines
24.What is the effect of refrigeration on organisms?: it slows down growth
25.What is the effect of desiccation on organisms?: It prevents the multiplication of the organism but it is still viable
, MLS ASCP MICROBIOLOGY
26.What is the effect of osmotic pressure hypertonic solutions on organ- isms?: it causes plasmolysis
27.What is an example of a use of osmotic pressure hypertonic solutions?: -
curing meat, veggies, fruit, and ur mom
28.What is the effect of radiation on organisms?: forms hydroxyl radicals which damage DNA
29.What are the effects of phenol on the organism?: damages cytoplasmic membrane and denatures proteins
30.What is the effect of halogens such as iodine and chlorine on the organ- ism?: they are oxidizers
31.What are the effects of alcohol on the organism?: they denature proteins and dissolve lipids
32.What are four examples of sterilization techniques?: autoclave, incineration, filtration, radiation
33.What are four examples of disinfectant methods?: pasteurization, phenol, halogens, alcohols
34.What are five examples of B-lactam class antibiotics?: penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams,
B-lactamase inhibiting combinations
35.What is an example of a carbapenem antibiotic?: imipenem
36.What is an example of a monobactam antibiotic?: aztreonam
37.What is the mechanism of action for B-lactam antibiotics?: inhibits cell wall synthesis
38.What is an example of a glycopeptide class antibiotic?: vancomycin
39.What is the mechanism of action of glycopeptides?: inhibits cell wall synthe- sis
40. What is the antibiotic of choice used to treat C. diff and MRSA?: Vancomycin
41.What are three examples of aminoglycoside class antibiotics?: gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
42.What is the mechanism of action for aminoglycoside class antibiotics?: -
inhibits protein synthesis by acting on the 30S subunit
43.What are two examples of tetracycline class antibiotics?: tetracycline and doxycycline
44.What is the mechanism of action for tetracycline class antibiotics?: inhibits protein synthesis by acting on the
30S subunit
45.What antibiotic class affects bone and teeth in children and could lead to a superinfection of yeast?:
Tetracyclines
, MLS ASCP MICROBIOLOGY
46.What is the mechanism of action of the chloramphenicol class antibiotic?-
: inhibits protein synthesis by acting on the 50S subunit
47.What antibiotic class can cause aplastic anemia?: chloramphenicol
1. What class of organisms grow optimally at 15C?: psychrophiles
2. What class of organisms grow optimally at 37C?: mesophiles
3. What class of organisms grow optimally at 50-60C?: Thermophiles
4. What is the pH that is optimized for most bacteria?: 6.5-7.5
5. What is the pH that is optimized for most fungi?: 5.0-6.0
6. What are organisms that require O2 to grow called?: aerobes
7. What are organisms that can grow with or without O2 called?: Facultative anaerobes
8. What are organisms that are harmed by O2 called?: Obligate anaerobes
9. What are some organisms harmed by oxygen and others not?: O2 causes the formation of superoxide radicals
which are toxic to organisms that do not produce catalase, peroxide, and superoxide dismutase
10.If an organism is a microaerophile what does that mean?: It prefers lower O2 than in air
11.If an organism is a capnophile what does that mean?: it prefers higher CO2 than in air
12.If an organization is aerotolerant what does that mean?: it does not require O2 and is not poisoned by it
13.What is agar?: a polysaccharide derived from marine algae
14.What temperature does agar melt?: 100C
15.What temperature does agar solidify?: 45C
16.What does anaerobic media contain?: contains reducing agents which bind with dissolved O2 such as
thioglycollate and cysteine
17.What are the three typical incubation requirements for a culture?: 5-10% CO2, 35-37C, 50-70% humidity
18.What is the mechanism of action, the pressure, temperature, and time taken for an autoclave: autoclaves
use moist heat with 15 lbs pressure/sq in at 121C for 15 mins
19.What is the mechanism of action, temperature, and time taken for an incinerator?: Uses dry heat with
a hot air oven at 170C for 2hrs
20.What is the mechanism of action, temperature, and time taken for pasteur- ization?: uses ultra-high
temperature at 140C for 3 seconds
, MLS ASCP MICROBIOLOGY
21.T/F pasteurization is sterilization: False
22.What is the pore size used for filtration?: 0.22u-0.45u
23.What are three examples of times when filtration is used?: sugar solutions, urea media, and vaccines
24.What is the effect of refrigeration on organisms?: it slows down growth
25.What is the effect of desiccation on organisms?: It prevents the multiplication of the organism but it is still viable
, MLS ASCP MICROBIOLOGY
26.What is the effect of osmotic pressure hypertonic solutions on organ- isms?: it causes plasmolysis
27.What is an example of a use of osmotic pressure hypertonic solutions?: -
curing meat, veggies, fruit, and ur mom
28.What is the effect of radiation on organisms?: forms hydroxyl radicals which damage DNA
29.What are the effects of phenol on the organism?: damages cytoplasmic membrane and denatures proteins
30.What is the effect of halogens such as iodine and chlorine on the organ- ism?: they are oxidizers
31.What are the effects of alcohol on the organism?: they denature proteins and dissolve lipids
32.What are four examples of sterilization techniques?: autoclave, incineration, filtration, radiation
33.What are four examples of disinfectant methods?: pasteurization, phenol, halogens, alcohols
34.What are five examples of B-lactam class antibiotics?: penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams,
B-lactamase inhibiting combinations
35.What is an example of a carbapenem antibiotic?: imipenem
36.What is an example of a monobactam antibiotic?: aztreonam
37.What is the mechanism of action for B-lactam antibiotics?: inhibits cell wall synthesis
38.What is an example of a glycopeptide class antibiotic?: vancomycin
39.What is the mechanism of action of glycopeptides?: inhibits cell wall synthe- sis
40. What is the antibiotic of choice used to treat C. diff and MRSA?: Vancomycin
41.What are three examples of aminoglycoside class antibiotics?: gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
42.What is the mechanism of action for aminoglycoside class antibiotics?: -
inhibits protein synthesis by acting on the 30S subunit
43.What are two examples of tetracycline class antibiotics?: tetracycline and doxycycline
44.What is the mechanism of action for tetracycline class antibiotics?: inhibits protein synthesis by acting on the
30S subunit
45.What antibiotic class affects bone and teeth in children and could lead to a superinfection of yeast?:
Tetracyclines
, MLS ASCP MICROBIOLOGY
46.What is the mechanism of action of the chloramphenicol class antibiotic?-
: inhibits protein synthesis by acting on the 50S subunit
47.What antibiotic class can cause aplastic anemia?: chloramphenicol
