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What is critical thinking? Thinking systematically
about one's thinking in order to improve it
Three interrelated dimensions: analyze See it as
something constructed out of parts
Three interrelated dimensions: evaluate identify
weaknesses and recognize strengths
Three interrelated dimensions: improveovercome
the natural tendency of the mind to be rigid (and to
want to validate current thoughts rather than
improving them)
Discover confidence in reason Pursue important
ideas, create connections, ask intellectual questions.
Don't allow other people to define your intelligence.
Perseverance and commitment.
Weak sense critical thinking Self-centeredness
(egocentric). Use of CT to defend one's current
,beliefs. Makes no efforts to consider other
viewpoints counter to one's own viewpoint.
Sophist: Wins arguments regardless of relevant
viewpoints. Hides or distorts evidence in pursuit of
an unjustifiable goal. (a good critical thinker, but a
weak-sense critical thinker)
Strong sense critical thinking Commitment to
evaluating all beliefs, especially one's own. Pursue
what is fair and just and empathize with other
viewpoints.
Fallacy Mistake in reasoning
Stage 1 Unreflective critical thinker: problems are
caused by poor thinking. Don't questions our
decisions, self-centered
Stage 2 Challenged thinker. We notice our bad
thinking habits and become aware of how our
thinking has shaped our lives.
Stage 3 The beginning thinker. Developing
willpower, recognizing addiction to porn thinking,
analyze, question, and identify
, Critical thinking tactics Use wasted time, handle a
problem a day, internalize intellectual standards
(focus), keep an intellectual journal (emotional
significance), practice intellectual strategies,
reshape your character (one trait at a time), deal
with your ego, redefine the way you see things
(mistakes versus opportunities), get in touch with
your emotions (negative thinking), analyze group
influences on your life
Three basic functions of the mind Thinking (create
meaning, make sense of event), feeling (evaluate
those meanings, positive and negative), wanting
(allocate energy into action)
Dogmatic absolutism Non-intellectual faith (A
thinking trap that frees us of any actual
responsibility)
Second order thinking Another term for critical
thinking
Critical thinking values ______ of thought over
_____ of thought Critical thinking values depth of
thought over speed of thought