NR507/ NR 507 Midterm Exam (Latest 2024/ 2025
Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and
Correct Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A – Chamberlain
•
Increase water consumption - Correct Answer Which of the following can help to
prevent a UTI?
Pregnancy - Correct Answer Which of the following is a risk factor for the development
of a UTI?
True - Correct Answer Women are higher risk for the development of a UTI because of
having a shorter urethra.
Urgency - Correct Answer A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:
Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder - Correct Answer Which of the
following is true regarding a complicated UTI?
cystitis - Correct Answer Urinary burning and frequency X 3 days. No STDs. No vaginal
discharge. Recently had sex with partner. Urinalysis shows leukocytes, RBCs, nitrites,
and WBCs. No casts. Based on this patient is diagnosed with:
pyelonephritis - Correct Answer Involves upper tract
,Flank pain, abdominal tenderness, fever
pyelonephritis diagnosis - Correct Answer urinalysis positive urine culture with
significant bacturia, presence of pyuria, and WBC cast
Nucleation - Correct Answer Crystals act as nucleation sites, where further crystal
deposition can occur.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus - Correct Answer A common organism that causes a UTI
include:
The UTI responds well to a short course of antibiotic therapy. - Correct Answer The NP
would know that the patient most likely has an uncomplicated UTI because:
True - Correct Answer The urinalysis of a patient with a complicated UTI will show
WBCs and casts
Nitrites - Correct Answer Upon examination of a urinalysis, the NP can highly suspect
that the causative bacteria are gram negative because of the presence of:
Calcium stone - Correct Answer most common type of kidney stone
CT scan - Correct Answer Gold standard for diagnosing kidney stone
,Struvite stone - Correct Answer type of stone that forms due to urinary tract infections:
True - Correct Answer Renal stones are formed when calcium and oxalate in the urine
combine.
renal calculi (kidney stones) - Correct Answer Are found in the ureter or the bladder
Renal Calculi Pathophysiology - Correct Answer Supersaturation: urine becomes over
saturated with certain substances like calcium.
Nucleation: crystals act as Nucleation sites where further crystal deposition can occur
Crystal retention: urinary stasis or inadequate flow allows crystals to remain in urinary
tract
Stone growth & composition: overtime, crystals accumulate and grow into stones.
Adequate hydration
A balanced diet - Correct Answer Recommendations for kidney stone
The stone injures the urinary structures as it passes through them - Correct Answer
Hematuria can be seen with kidney stones because:
Uric acid stone - Correct Answer The most common stone found in the patient with
gout:
, True - Correct Answer Renal colic is caused by the passing of stone through the ureter
True - Correct Answer At least half of individuals with renal stones will have a
reoccurrence within 10 years of the prior stone.
Renal Calculi Signs/Symptoms - Correct Answer Flank or abdominal pain,
costovertebral (CVA) angle tenderness, hematuria
Treatment for renal stone - Correct Answer Conservative <5 mm stone
Medical management: thiazide diuretics (Calcium stone) or allopurinol (uric acid stone)
Overall goals:
Pain management
Promote passage of stone
Reduce size of stone
Prevent new stone formation
Lithotripsy - Correct Answer noninvasive procedure to crush a stone > 5mm
True - Correct Answer One of the major markers for glomerular filtration rate is
creatinine.
Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and
Correct Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A – Chamberlain
•
Increase water consumption - Correct Answer Which of the following can help to
prevent a UTI?
Pregnancy - Correct Answer Which of the following is a risk factor for the development
of a UTI?
True - Correct Answer Women are higher risk for the development of a UTI because of
having a shorter urethra.
Urgency - Correct Answer A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:
Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder - Correct Answer Which of the
following is true regarding a complicated UTI?
cystitis - Correct Answer Urinary burning and frequency X 3 days. No STDs. No vaginal
discharge. Recently had sex with partner. Urinalysis shows leukocytes, RBCs, nitrites,
and WBCs. No casts. Based on this patient is diagnosed with:
pyelonephritis - Correct Answer Involves upper tract
,Flank pain, abdominal tenderness, fever
pyelonephritis diagnosis - Correct Answer urinalysis positive urine culture with
significant bacturia, presence of pyuria, and WBC cast
Nucleation - Correct Answer Crystals act as nucleation sites, where further crystal
deposition can occur.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus - Correct Answer A common organism that causes a UTI
include:
The UTI responds well to a short course of antibiotic therapy. - Correct Answer The NP
would know that the patient most likely has an uncomplicated UTI because:
True - Correct Answer The urinalysis of a patient with a complicated UTI will show
WBCs and casts
Nitrites - Correct Answer Upon examination of a urinalysis, the NP can highly suspect
that the causative bacteria are gram negative because of the presence of:
Calcium stone - Correct Answer most common type of kidney stone
CT scan - Correct Answer Gold standard for diagnosing kidney stone
,Struvite stone - Correct Answer type of stone that forms due to urinary tract infections:
True - Correct Answer Renal stones are formed when calcium and oxalate in the urine
combine.
renal calculi (kidney stones) - Correct Answer Are found in the ureter or the bladder
Renal Calculi Pathophysiology - Correct Answer Supersaturation: urine becomes over
saturated with certain substances like calcium.
Nucleation: crystals act as Nucleation sites where further crystal deposition can occur
Crystal retention: urinary stasis or inadequate flow allows crystals to remain in urinary
tract
Stone growth & composition: overtime, crystals accumulate and grow into stones.
Adequate hydration
A balanced diet - Correct Answer Recommendations for kidney stone
The stone injures the urinary structures as it passes through them - Correct Answer
Hematuria can be seen with kidney stones because:
Uric acid stone - Correct Answer The most common stone found in the patient with
gout:
, True - Correct Answer Renal colic is caused by the passing of stone through the ureter
True - Correct Answer At least half of individuals with renal stones will have a
reoccurrence within 10 years of the prior stone.
Renal Calculi Signs/Symptoms - Correct Answer Flank or abdominal pain,
costovertebral (CVA) angle tenderness, hematuria
Treatment for renal stone - Correct Answer Conservative <5 mm stone
Medical management: thiazide diuretics (Calcium stone) or allopurinol (uric acid stone)
Overall goals:
Pain management
Promote passage of stone
Reduce size of stone
Prevent new stone formation
Lithotripsy - Correct Answer noninvasive procedure to crush a stone > 5mm
True - Correct Answer One of the major markers for glomerular filtration rate is
creatinine.
