diva PSYC Exam 3 (9-12), Psychology 2301, Psychology 2301 Final
Studies of the acquisition of new language in internationally adopted preschoolers are useful
because they allow researchers to: ** Answer ** separate language learning from general
cognitive behavior.
Items that are more accessible in memory are judged as having occurred more frequently. This
phenomenon is called the: ** Answer ** availability bias.
"B" and "p" differ in the way they are produced by a human speaker. As such, they are both
examples of: ** Answer ** phonemes.
Speeding in the town of Chanceville traditionally results in a $300 fine. The judge at the traffic
court, however, decides to change the policy. People found guilty of speeding have the choice of
paying the $300 fine or spinning a wheel. There is an 80% chance that the needle on the wheel
will land on a $400 fine and a 20% chance that the needle will land on "No Fine." The city
leaders of Chanceville probably will _____ this new policy because _____. ** Answer **
support; most people will pay an average fine that is $20 higher.
-not 100% sure
If given the choice, which alternative will the rational person choose? ** Answer ** 40%
opportunity to gain $2,000.
People's judgments about whether or not to accept conclusions often depend more on ____ than
they do on ____. ** Answer ** how believable the conclusions are; the logical validity of
the argument
A necessary condition for being a professor of psychology at Harvard University is that one:
** Answer ** has a doctorate degree.
Individuals with prefrontal cortex damage engaged in a risky gambling task will NOT show
emotional arousal: ** Answer ** prior to a risky play.
About ____ of European Union citizens speak a second language. ** Answer ** a half
Children begin using function morphemes at around age: ** Answer ** 2.
-not 100% sure
,Recent research on bilingualism that corrected the flaws from earlier studies indicate that
bilingualism is associated with: ** Answer ** a similar course of language development as
observed in monolingual individuals.
Which Mexican immigrant, each of whom is 30 years old, is MOST likely to have developed the
best English skills? ** Answer ** Teresa, who arrived at age 3.
People think that two events are more likely to occur together than either even is likely to occur
individually. This phenomenon is called the: ** Answer ** conjunction fallacy.
During the first few years of life, language processing in the brain: ** Answer ** becomes
more concentrated in a few areas and less distributed.
Which expression is a sentence? ** Answer ** dogs bark.
Research on language use in apes indicates that apes do NOT have limitations in: ** Answer
** passive understanding relative to active use.
By best estimates, spoken human language emerged _____ years ago. ** Answer ** 1 to 3
million
According to Skinner's theory of language acquisition, an infant learns to say "ma-ma" in the
presence of her mother because: ** Answer ** mothers provide reinforcement for utterances
that sounds more and more like "ma-ma."
Function fixedness occurs when we: ** Answer ** tend to perceive the functions of objects
as fixed or unchanging.
Companies offer cash prizes for problems in need of solution posted on InnoCentive.com.
Consistent with the results of Acar and Ende (2016), if you have expertise in the specific field
most related to the problem posted, your chance of submitting a winning solution is maximized
by: ** Answer ** submitting a solution that draws upon diverse knowledge domains.
Researchers have just discovered a new drug to cure acne, but it has an 80% failure rate.
According to the framing effect: ** Answer ** people typically will perceive the drug to be
of little or no benefit.
Researches guid and manipulate the hands of chimpanzees into ASL symbols in a process
termed: ** Answer ** molding.
Japanese can be written in two ways: One way uses symbols to represent speech sounds, much
like the English language. The other way uses pictographs to represent ideas, much like the
Chinese language. Japanese individuals with Broca's aphasia demonstrate great difficulty
,understanding: ** Answer ** neither form; although their production of speech is greatly
impaired.
Research has shown a _____ between gray matter density in the left parietal lobe and proficiency
in a second language. ** Answer ** positive correlation
On the day 3-year-old Isabel helped her father build bookshelves, she added the terms "board,"
"measuring tape," and "dowel" to her vocabulary after her first encounter with these objects. This
is an example of: ** Answer ** fast mapping.
Which statement is TRUE? ** Answer ** when you comprehend a sentence, you process
the simple structure in order to extract the deep structure.
Human infants begin babbling between the ages of ____ months. ** Answer ** 4 and 6
What function deteriorated as a result of a neurological disorder in JB? ** Answer **
language
A sudden flash of light contrasts mostly with ____ problem-solving approaches in which one
gets closer and closer to the end goal. ** Answer ** incremental
The nativist view of language development is associated with: ** Answer ** Noam
Chomsky.
Charlie calls Jasmine and asks her if she would like to get a cup of coffee. Jasmine declines,
stating that she is very sick. But 2 hours later, Charlie sees Jasmine at a local bar with another
guy. Using ____ reasoning, Charlie concludes that Jasmine lied to him. ** Answer **
theoretical
Who studied color perception in the Dani, an isolated tribe living in New Guinea? ** Answer
** Eleanor Rosch
The family resemblance theory of categorization: ** Answer ** argues that a category may
exist, even if there is no single defining characteristic of the category.
Professor Jame is preparing a flow chart depicting a timeline of the history of psychology to be
used at a Chinese university. To maximize student learning, how should the flow chart be
oriented? ** Answer ** beginning at the top and moving to the bottom.
When we solve a problem by finding a similar problem with a known solution (and then apply
it), we are engaged in: ** Answer ** analogical problem solving.
When presented with a problem, after analyzing the final goal state, the SECOND step in means-
end analysis is to: ** Answer ** analyze the current state.
, People believe that, compared with other people, they are more likely to experience positive
events and less likely to experience negative events in the future. This phenomenon is termed
____ bias. ** Answer ** optimism
Which statement BEST describes the relationship between logic and reasoning? ** Answer **
logic is a tool to evaluate reasoning.
When Karen, a toddler, wants her mother to give her more juice, she says, "More juice," instead
of saying, "Juice more." This way of expressing herself shows that Karen understands: **
Answer ** syntax.
The exemplar theory of categorization holds that: ** Answer ** category judgments are
made by comparing a new instance with stored memories of other instances of a category.
Activity in which brain region is MOST associated with forming prototypes? ** Answer **
the visual cortex.
People with damage to their prefrontal cortex perform most similarly to ____ on gambling tasks.
** Answer ** drug and alcohol abusers
In a study by Bowers and colleagues (1990), participants were shown three words and were
asked to generate a fourth word consistent with the series. Which grouping is a coherent series?
** Answer ** ticket, shop, broker
Brandon is unable to identify animals such as dogs and squirrels but can easily identify furniture
such as chairs and tables. Brandon likely does NOT have: ** Answer ** damage to the front
part of the right temporal lobe.
"A system for communicating with others using signals that convey meaning and are combined
according to rules of grammar" is the definition of: ** Answer ** language.
Which view states that people choose to take on risks when evaluating potential losses and avoid
risks when evaluating potential gains? ** Answer ** prospect theory
Thad suffered a stroke that resulted in brain damage. Thad is overheard saying, "The rain came
before my feelings. I think the funny TV is cold. But it needs help with the scissors." Thad
probably has suffered damage to the ____ cortex. ** Answer ** left temporal
Which statement about a child's mastery of language is TRUE? ** Answer ** passive
mastery develops faster than active mastery.
Simon is meek, tidy, quiet, and overly concerned with order and detail. When given the choice of
guessing if Simon works at the library or at the hospital, most people guess the library, even
Studies of the acquisition of new language in internationally adopted preschoolers are useful
because they allow researchers to: ** Answer ** separate language learning from general
cognitive behavior.
Items that are more accessible in memory are judged as having occurred more frequently. This
phenomenon is called the: ** Answer ** availability bias.
"B" and "p" differ in the way they are produced by a human speaker. As such, they are both
examples of: ** Answer ** phonemes.
Speeding in the town of Chanceville traditionally results in a $300 fine. The judge at the traffic
court, however, decides to change the policy. People found guilty of speeding have the choice of
paying the $300 fine or spinning a wheel. There is an 80% chance that the needle on the wheel
will land on a $400 fine and a 20% chance that the needle will land on "No Fine." The city
leaders of Chanceville probably will _____ this new policy because _____. ** Answer **
support; most people will pay an average fine that is $20 higher.
-not 100% sure
If given the choice, which alternative will the rational person choose? ** Answer ** 40%
opportunity to gain $2,000.
People's judgments about whether or not to accept conclusions often depend more on ____ than
they do on ____. ** Answer ** how believable the conclusions are; the logical validity of
the argument
A necessary condition for being a professor of psychology at Harvard University is that one:
** Answer ** has a doctorate degree.
Individuals with prefrontal cortex damage engaged in a risky gambling task will NOT show
emotional arousal: ** Answer ** prior to a risky play.
About ____ of European Union citizens speak a second language. ** Answer ** a half
Children begin using function morphemes at around age: ** Answer ** 2.
-not 100% sure
,Recent research on bilingualism that corrected the flaws from earlier studies indicate that
bilingualism is associated with: ** Answer ** a similar course of language development as
observed in monolingual individuals.
Which Mexican immigrant, each of whom is 30 years old, is MOST likely to have developed the
best English skills? ** Answer ** Teresa, who arrived at age 3.
People think that two events are more likely to occur together than either even is likely to occur
individually. This phenomenon is called the: ** Answer ** conjunction fallacy.
During the first few years of life, language processing in the brain: ** Answer ** becomes
more concentrated in a few areas and less distributed.
Which expression is a sentence? ** Answer ** dogs bark.
Research on language use in apes indicates that apes do NOT have limitations in: ** Answer
** passive understanding relative to active use.
By best estimates, spoken human language emerged _____ years ago. ** Answer ** 1 to 3
million
According to Skinner's theory of language acquisition, an infant learns to say "ma-ma" in the
presence of her mother because: ** Answer ** mothers provide reinforcement for utterances
that sounds more and more like "ma-ma."
Function fixedness occurs when we: ** Answer ** tend to perceive the functions of objects
as fixed or unchanging.
Companies offer cash prizes for problems in need of solution posted on InnoCentive.com.
Consistent with the results of Acar and Ende (2016), if you have expertise in the specific field
most related to the problem posted, your chance of submitting a winning solution is maximized
by: ** Answer ** submitting a solution that draws upon diverse knowledge domains.
Researchers have just discovered a new drug to cure acne, but it has an 80% failure rate.
According to the framing effect: ** Answer ** people typically will perceive the drug to be
of little or no benefit.
Researches guid and manipulate the hands of chimpanzees into ASL symbols in a process
termed: ** Answer ** molding.
Japanese can be written in two ways: One way uses symbols to represent speech sounds, much
like the English language. The other way uses pictographs to represent ideas, much like the
Chinese language. Japanese individuals with Broca's aphasia demonstrate great difficulty
,understanding: ** Answer ** neither form; although their production of speech is greatly
impaired.
Research has shown a _____ between gray matter density in the left parietal lobe and proficiency
in a second language. ** Answer ** positive correlation
On the day 3-year-old Isabel helped her father build bookshelves, she added the terms "board,"
"measuring tape," and "dowel" to her vocabulary after her first encounter with these objects. This
is an example of: ** Answer ** fast mapping.
Which statement is TRUE? ** Answer ** when you comprehend a sentence, you process
the simple structure in order to extract the deep structure.
Human infants begin babbling between the ages of ____ months. ** Answer ** 4 and 6
What function deteriorated as a result of a neurological disorder in JB? ** Answer **
language
A sudden flash of light contrasts mostly with ____ problem-solving approaches in which one
gets closer and closer to the end goal. ** Answer ** incremental
The nativist view of language development is associated with: ** Answer ** Noam
Chomsky.
Charlie calls Jasmine and asks her if she would like to get a cup of coffee. Jasmine declines,
stating that she is very sick. But 2 hours later, Charlie sees Jasmine at a local bar with another
guy. Using ____ reasoning, Charlie concludes that Jasmine lied to him. ** Answer **
theoretical
Who studied color perception in the Dani, an isolated tribe living in New Guinea? ** Answer
** Eleanor Rosch
The family resemblance theory of categorization: ** Answer ** argues that a category may
exist, even if there is no single defining characteristic of the category.
Professor Jame is preparing a flow chart depicting a timeline of the history of psychology to be
used at a Chinese university. To maximize student learning, how should the flow chart be
oriented? ** Answer ** beginning at the top and moving to the bottom.
When we solve a problem by finding a similar problem with a known solution (and then apply
it), we are engaged in: ** Answer ** analogical problem solving.
When presented with a problem, after analyzing the final goal state, the SECOND step in means-
end analysis is to: ** Answer ** analyze the current state.
, People believe that, compared with other people, they are more likely to experience positive
events and less likely to experience negative events in the future. This phenomenon is termed
____ bias. ** Answer ** optimism
Which statement BEST describes the relationship between logic and reasoning? ** Answer **
logic is a tool to evaluate reasoning.
When Karen, a toddler, wants her mother to give her more juice, she says, "More juice," instead
of saying, "Juice more." This way of expressing herself shows that Karen understands: **
Answer ** syntax.
The exemplar theory of categorization holds that: ** Answer ** category judgments are
made by comparing a new instance with stored memories of other instances of a category.
Activity in which brain region is MOST associated with forming prototypes? ** Answer **
the visual cortex.
People with damage to their prefrontal cortex perform most similarly to ____ on gambling tasks.
** Answer ** drug and alcohol abusers
In a study by Bowers and colleagues (1990), participants were shown three words and were
asked to generate a fourth word consistent with the series. Which grouping is a coherent series?
** Answer ** ticket, shop, broker
Brandon is unable to identify animals such as dogs and squirrels but can easily identify furniture
such as chairs and tables. Brandon likely does NOT have: ** Answer ** damage to the front
part of the right temporal lobe.
"A system for communicating with others using signals that convey meaning and are combined
according to rules of grammar" is the definition of: ** Answer ** language.
Which view states that people choose to take on risks when evaluating potential losses and avoid
risks when evaluating potential gains? ** Answer ** prospect theory
Thad suffered a stroke that resulted in brain damage. Thad is overheard saying, "The rain came
before my feelings. I think the funny TV is cold. But it needs help with the scissors." Thad
probably has suffered damage to the ____ cortex. ** Answer ** left temporal
Which statement about a child's mastery of language is TRUE? ** Answer ** passive
mastery develops faster than active mastery.
Simon is meek, tidy, quiet, and overly concerned with order and detail. When given the choice of
guessing if Simon works at the library or at the hospital, most people guess the library, even
