, Chapter 01: Radiation Physics
v v v
MULTIPLEv CHOICE
1. Thevfundamentalv unitvofv matterv isv the
a. proton.
b. neutron.
c. electron.
d. atom.
ANS:v D
Avprotonvisvavsubatomicvparticle;v thevfundamentalvunitvofvmatterv isvthevatom.v Avneutronvisvav
subatomicvparticle;vthevfundamentalvunitvofvmattervisvthevatom.vAnvelectronvisvavsubatom
icvparticle;vthevfundamentalvunitvofvmattervisvthevatom.vThevfundamentalv unitvofvmattervisvt
hevatom.
DIF: Recall REF:vvv Pagev8 OBJ:v 1
TOP:v CDA,v RHS,v III.B.2.v Describev thev characteristicsv ofv x-radiation
MSC:v NBDHE,v 2.0v Obtainingv andv Interpretingv Radiographsv |v NBDHE,v 2.1v Principlesv ofvradiophysics
vandv radiobiology
2. Thevnucleusv ofvanv atomvcontains
a. protons.
b. neutrons.
c. protonsv andvneutrons.
d. electrons.
ANS:v C
Thevnucleusvofvanvatomvcontainsvneutronsvasvwellvasvprotons.vThevnucleusvofvanvatomvc
ontainsvprotonsvasvwellvasvneutrons.vThevnucleusvofvanvatomvcontainsvprotonsvandvne
utrons.vThevnucleusvofvanvatomvdoesvnotvcontainvelectrons;vitvcontainsvprotonsvandvneut
rons.
DIF: Recall REF:vvv Pagev8 OBJ:v 2
TOP:v CDA,v RHS,v III.B.2.v Describev thev characteristicsv ofv x-radiation
MSC:v NBDHE,v 2.0v Obtainingv andv Interpretingv Radiographsv |v NBDHE,v 2.1v Principlesv ofvradiophysics
vandv radiobiology
, 3. Whichv subatomicv particlev carriesv av negativev electricalv charge?
a. Avneutron
b. Avproton
c. Anvelectron
d. Avnucleon
ANS:v C
Avneutronv doesvnotvcarryvanv electricalvcharge.v Avprotonvcarriesvavpositivev electricalv charge.vAnv
electronvcarriesvavnegativevelectricalvcharge.v Avnucleonv carriesvavpositivev(proton)v or
nov (neutron)v electricalv charge.
DIF: Comprehension REF:vvv Pagev8
OBJ:v2vTOP:v CDA,v RHS,v III.B.2.v Describev thev characteristicsvofvx-
radiation
MSC:v NBDHE,v 2.0v Obtainingv andv Interpretingv Radiographsv |v NBDHE,v 2.1v Principlesv ofvradiophysics
vandv radiobiology
4. Whichvofv thev followingvelementsv isv thevsimplestv atom?
a. Hydrogenv (Hv#1)
b. Heliumv(Hev#2)
c. Nitrogenv (Nv#7)
d. Oxygenv(Ov#8)
ANS:v A
Atomicvnumbersvarevassignedvfromvsimplestvtovmostvcomplex.vHydrogenvisvthevsimplestvat
om;vwithvavsinglevproton,vitvhasvanvatomicvnumbervofv1.vHeliumvhasvanvatomicvnumbervofv2
.vNitrogenvhasvanvatomicvnumbervofv7.v Oxygenvhasv anvatomicvnumbervofv8.
DIF: Comprehension REF:vvv Pagev8
OBJ:v2vTOP:v CDA,v RHS,v III.B.2.v Describev thev characteristicsvofvx-
radiation
MSC:v NBDHE,v 2.0v Obtainingv andv Interpretingv Radiographsv |v NBDHE,v 2.1v Principlesv ofradiophysicsvandvradiobiology
, 5. Whichvofv thev followingvstatementsv isv truev ofvorbitsv orv shellsvinvthevatom?
a. Protonsvtravelv aroundvthevnucleusvinv well-
definedvshells.
b. Anv atomvcontainsvinnumerablev shells.
c. Thevenergyvlevelvwithinveachvshellvisvthe
same.
d. Thevorbitingv shellvclosestvtovthevnucleus
hasvthevhighestvenergyvlevel.
ANS:v D
Electronsvtravelvaroundvthevnucleusvinvwell-
definedvshells.vAnv atomvcontainsvavmaximumvofvsevenvshells.vEachvofvthevmaximumvsevenv
shellsvwithinvanvatomvrepresentsvavdifferentvenergyvlevel.vThevorbitingvshellvclosestvtovthevnu
cleusvhasvthevhighestvenergyvlevel.vThevKvshellvisvthevorbitingvshellvclosestvtovthevnucleus.
DIF: Comprehension REF:vvv Pagev8
OBJ:v2vTOP:v CDA,v RHS,v III.B.2.v Describev thev characteristicsvofvx-
radiation
MSC:v NBDHE,v 2.0v Obtainingv andv Interpretingv Radiographsv |v NBDHE,v 2.1v Principlesv ofvradiophysics
vandv radiobiology
6. Thevbindingv energyv orv bindingv forcev ofv anv electronv is
a. determinedv byvthevdistancevbetweenv the
neutronsvandv protonsv withinv thevnucleus.
b. determinedv byvthevdistancevbetweenv the
orbitingvelectronsvandv thevnucleus.
c. weakervforvelectronsvlocatedvinvinner
shellsvthanvinvoutervshells.
d. determinedv byvthev atomicvnumber.
ANS:v B
Thev bindingv energyvorv bindingv forcevofv anv electronv isvdeterminedv byvthev distancev betweenvt
hevnucleusv andvthevorbitingv electron.v Thevbindingv energyv orvbindingv forcevofv anvelectronvisv
determinedvbyvthevdistancevbetweenvthevorbitingvelectronvandvthevnucleus,vnotvthevdistancevb
etweenvthevorbitingvelectrons.vThevbindingvenergyvorvbindingvforcev ofv anvelectronvisvstrong
ervforvelectronsvlocatedvinvinnervshellsvthanvforvoutervshells.
DIF: Recall REF:vvv Pagev8 OBJ:vvv 2 TOP:v CDA,vN/A
MSC:v NBDHE,v 2.0v Obtainingv andv Interpretingv Radiographsv |v NBDHE,v 2.1v Principlesv ofradiophysicsvandvradiobiology
v v v
MULTIPLEv CHOICE
1. Thevfundamentalv unitvofv matterv isv the
a. proton.
b. neutron.
c. electron.
d. atom.
ANS:v D
Avprotonvisvavsubatomicvparticle;v thevfundamentalvunitvofvmatterv isvthevatom.v Avneutronvisvav
subatomicvparticle;vthevfundamentalvunitvofvmattervisvthevatom.vAnvelectronvisvavsubatom
icvparticle;vthevfundamentalvunitvofvmattervisvthevatom.vThevfundamentalv unitvofvmattervisvt
hevatom.
DIF: Recall REF:vvv Pagev8 OBJ:v 1
TOP:v CDA,v RHS,v III.B.2.v Describev thev characteristicsv ofv x-radiation
MSC:v NBDHE,v 2.0v Obtainingv andv Interpretingv Radiographsv |v NBDHE,v 2.1v Principlesv ofvradiophysics
vandv radiobiology
2. Thevnucleusv ofvanv atomvcontains
a. protons.
b. neutrons.
c. protonsv andvneutrons.
d. electrons.
ANS:v C
Thevnucleusvofvanvatomvcontainsvneutronsvasvwellvasvprotons.vThevnucleusvofvanvatomvc
ontainsvprotonsvasvwellvasvneutrons.vThevnucleusvofvanvatomvcontainsvprotonsvandvne
utrons.vThevnucleusvofvanvatomvdoesvnotvcontainvelectrons;vitvcontainsvprotonsvandvneut
rons.
DIF: Recall REF:vvv Pagev8 OBJ:v 2
TOP:v CDA,v RHS,v III.B.2.v Describev thev characteristicsv ofv x-radiation
MSC:v NBDHE,v 2.0v Obtainingv andv Interpretingv Radiographsv |v NBDHE,v 2.1v Principlesv ofvradiophysics
vandv radiobiology
, 3. Whichv subatomicv particlev carriesv av negativev electricalv charge?
a. Avneutron
b. Avproton
c. Anvelectron
d. Avnucleon
ANS:v C
Avneutronv doesvnotvcarryvanv electricalvcharge.v Avprotonvcarriesvavpositivev electricalv charge.vAnv
electronvcarriesvavnegativevelectricalvcharge.v Avnucleonv carriesvavpositivev(proton)v or
nov (neutron)v electricalv charge.
DIF: Comprehension REF:vvv Pagev8
OBJ:v2vTOP:v CDA,v RHS,v III.B.2.v Describev thev characteristicsvofvx-
radiation
MSC:v NBDHE,v 2.0v Obtainingv andv Interpretingv Radiographsv |v NBDHE,v 2.1v Principlesv ofvradiophysics
vandv radiobiology
4. Whichvofv thev followingvelementsv isv thevsimplestv atom?
a. Hydrogenv (Hv#1)
b. Heliumv(Hev#2)
c. Nitrogenv (Nv#7)
d. Oxygenv(Ov#8)
ANS:v A
Atomicvnumbersvarevassignedvfromvsimplestvtovmostvcomplex.vHydrogenvisvthevsimplestvat
om;vwithvavsinglevproton,vitvhasvanvatomicvnumbervofv1.vHeliumvhasvanvatomicvnumbervofv2
.vNitrogenvhasvanvatomicvnumbervofv7.v Oxygenvhasv anvatomicvnumbervofv8.
DIF: Comprehension REF:vvv Pagev8
OBJ:v2vTOP:v CDA,v RHS,v III.B.2.v Describev thev characteristicsvofvx-
radiation
MSC:v NBDHE,v 2.0v Obtainingv andv Interpretingv Radiographsv |v NBDHE,v 2.1v Principlesv ofradiophysicsvandvradiobiology
, 5. Whichvofv thev followingvstatementsv isv truev ofvorbitsv orv shellsvinvthevatom?
a. Protonsvtravelv aroundvthevnucleusvinv well-
definedvshells.
b. Anv atomvcontainsvinnumerablev shells.
c. Thevenergyvlevelvwithinveachvshellvisvthe
same.
d. Thevorbitingv shellvclosestvtovthevnucleus
hasvthevhighestvenergyvlevel.
ANS:v D
Electronsvtravelvaroundvthevnucleusvinvwell-
definedvshells.vAnv atomvcontainsvavmaximumvofvsevenvshells.vEachvofvthevmaximumvsevenv
shellsvwithinvanvatomvrepresentsvavdifferentvenergyvlevel.vThevorbitingvshellvclosestvtovthevnu
cleusvhasvthevhighestvenergyvlevel.vThevKvshellvisvthevorbitingvshellvclosestvtovthevnucleus.
DIF: Comprehension REF:vvv Pagev8
OBJ:v2vTOP:v CDA,v RHS,v III.B.2.v Describev thev characteristicsvofvx-
radiation
MSC:v NBDHE,v 2.0v Obtainingv andv Interpretingv Radiographsv |v NBDHE,v 2.1v Principlesv ofvradiophysics
vandv radiobiology
6. Thevbindingv energyv orv bindingv forcev ofv anv electronv is
a. determinedv byvthevdistancevbetweenv the
neutronsvandv protonsv withinv thevnucleus.
b. determinedv byvthevdistancevbetweenv the
orbitingvelectronsvandv thevnucleus.
c. weakervforvelectronsvlocatedvinvinner
shellsvthanvinvoutervshells.
d. determinedv byvthev atomicvnumber.
ANS:v B
Thev bindingv energyvorv bindingv forcevofv anv electronv isvdeterminedv byvthev distancev betweenvt
hevnucleusv andvthevorbitingv electron.v Thevbindingv energyv orvbindingv forcevofv anvelectronvisv
determinedvbyvthevdistancevbetweenvthevorbitingvelectronvandvthevnucleus,vnotvthevdistancevb
etweenvthevorbitingvelectrons.vThevbindingvenergyvorvbindingvforcev ofv anvelectronvisvstrong
ervforvelectronsvlocatedvinvinnervshellsvthanvforvoutervshells.
DIF: Recall REF:vvv Pagev8 OBJ:vvv 2 TOP:v CDA,vN/A
MSC:v NBDHE,v 2.0v Obtainingv andv Interpretingv Radiographsv |v NBDHE,v 2.1v Principlesv ofradiophysicsvandvradiobiology
