Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Review Questions
1.TBI: Consequence of abrupt external forces acting on the head
2.When does a tbi take place: When an external physical force hits the
brain, producing a dimished or altered state of conciousness
3.What can be impaired due to tbi (3): 1. Cognitive abilities
2.Physical Functioning
3.Behavioral or emotional functioning
4.Pathophysiology: changes due to problem (what happens inside the
brain?)
5.2 ways that abrupt external forces hurt the brain: 1. moving object
strikes the head
2. when the moving head strikes a stationary object
6.2 TBI types: what are they?: 1. Penetrating: open head injury, the
skull is fractured or perforated, and the meninges are torn or
lacerated (i.e. missile)
2. Nonpenetrating: closed head injury, occurs if skull and meninges
remain intact (i.e. fall)
7.What is the key difference between TBI types: are the meninges TORN
(pen) or intact (nonpen)
8.2 types of penetrating (open head) injuries and elaborate: 1. high
velocity: objects perforate or fracture the skull and penetrate the brain
substance. damage WHERE IT HITS and WHERE IT RIPPLED. PRESSURE
WAVE throughout the
brain, and hair/skin/bone carried through the brain with projectile where
they become sites for bacterial infection
2. low velocity impacts: i.e. bats, crossbow, fast arrow may NOT cause a
RIPPLE, so it's low velocity. More focal brain damage but just as
dangerous risk of infection, foreign substances don't enter brain
9.What's a KEY point of low velocity head injury (REMEMBER THIS)
(REMEM- BER FOR EXAM): it's more FOCAL brain damage, but just as
dangerous risk of infection
10.What type of penetrative brain anjury has the LOWER mortality rate:
low velocity: lower mortality than high velocity
11.In a low velocity injury, tissue damage is to the missile's track
through- out the brain: adjacent
12.low velocity impacts may cause penetrating injuries WHEN: if the force
of the impact is concentrated in a small area (may fracture rather than
perforate skull)
13.Why are penetrating injuries to the brainstem usually fatal: The
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, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Review Questions
brainstem controls heart rate and beating, as well as breathing.
14.What becomes the threat after a patient survives the first day of a pene-
trating brain injury: infection, bleeding, increased intracranial pressure
(either from brain swelling or hydrocephalus)
2/
15
1.TBI: Consequence of abrupt external forces acting on the head
2.When does a tbi take place: When an external physical force hits the
brain, producing a dimished or altered state of conciousness
3.What can be impaired due to tbi (3): 1. Cognitive abilities
2.Physical Functioning
3.Behavioral or emotional functioning
4.Pathophysiology: changes due to problem (what happens inside the
brain?)
5.2 ways that abrupt external forces hurt the brain: 1. moving object
strikes the head
2. when the moving head strikes a stationary object
6.2 TBI types: what are they?: 1. Penetrating: open head injury, the
skull is fractured or perforated, and the meninges are torn or
lacerated (i.e. missile)
2. Nonpenetrating: closed head injury, occurs if skull and meninges
remain intact (i.e. fall)
7.What is the key difference between TBI types: are the meninges TORN
(pen) or intact (nonpen)
8.2 types of penetrating (open head) injuries and elaborate: 1. high
velocity: objects perforate or fracture the skull and penetrate the brain
substance. damage WHERE IT HITS and WHERE IT RIPPLED. PRESSURE
WAVE throughout the
brain, and hair/skin/bone carried through the brain with projectile where
they become sites for bacterial infection
2. low velocity impacts: i.e. bats, crossbow, fast arrow may NOT cause a
RIPPLE, so it's low velocity. More focal brain damage but just as
dangerous risk of infection, foreign substances don't enter brain
9.What's a KEY point of low velocity head injury (REMEMBER THIS)
(REMEM- BER FOR EXAM): it's more FOCAL brain damage, but just as
dangerous risk of infection
10.What type of penetrative brain anjury has the LOWER mortality rate:
low velocity: lower mortality than high velocity
11.In a low velocity injury, tissue damage is to the missile's track
through- out the brain: adjacent
12.low velocity impacts may cause penetrating injuries WHEN: if the force
of the impact is concentrated in a small area (may fracture rather than
perforate skull)
13.Why are penetrating injuries to the brainstem usually fatal: The
1/
15
, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Review Questions
brainstem controls heart rate and beating, as well as breathing.
14.What becomes the threat after a patient survives the first day of a pene-
trating brain injury: infection, bleeding, increased intracranial pressure
(either from brain swelling or hydrocephalus)
2/
15
