MYELODYSPLASIA - SPINA
BIFIDA
1. Myelodysplasia is defective development of any part of what?: the
spinal cord
2. myelodysplasia is displacement of some tissue in a sac that
protrudes through the posterior opening of what?: spinal vertebra
3. this is a commonly used term referring to various forms of
myelodysplasia-
: spina bifida
4. what are the two types of myelodysplasia?: -myelomeningocele
-meningocele
5. this type of myelodysplasia, is an open spinal cord defect that
protrudes dorsally and its not covered in skin: myelomeningocele
6. myelomeningocele is associated with with paralysis?: spinal nerve
paralysis
7. this type of myelodysplasia, is skin covered, its initially associated with
NO paralysis, and contains only membranes or nonfunctional nerves that
end in the sac wall: meningocele
8. myelodysplasia is related to what?: nervous system function
9. pathoembryology
-the spinal cord forms via two processes= neutralization and canalization
-when one process is altered it causes myelodysplasia:
10.myelodysplasia is referred to as what defect?: neural tube defect
11.what are some causes of a child being born with spina bifida? (3):
genetics
-teratogens
-nutritional deficiencies (environmental)
12. genetics= associated with genetic abnormalities including
chromosomal aberrations:
13.excessive intake of this and use of what acid during pregnancy are
known to increase the potential for spina bifida: -excessive maternal
alcohol intake
-use of valproic acid (anticonvulsant medication)
14.nutritional deficiencies including what can cause spina bifida? (2): -
low levels folic acid
-decrease vitamin intake
15.what are the diagnostic techniques during prenatal testing to
diagnose spina bifida? (3): -alpha-fetoprotein
-ultrasound
-genetic testing for syndromes (lemon and banana signs of the brain)
16. cerebrospinal fluid can leak causing a pressure differences and this
1/6
, MYELODYSPLASIA - SPINA
BIFIDA
can pull on the brain
-lemon sign= posterior portion of the brain gets sucked down because of the
2/6
BIFIDA
1. Myelodysplasia is defective development of any part of what?: the
spinal cord
2. myelodysplasia is displacement of some tissue in a sac that
protrudes through the posterior opening of what?: spinal vertebra
3. this is a commonly used term referring to various forms of
myelodysplasia-
: spina bifida
4. what are the two types of myelodysplasia?: -myelomeningocele
-meningocele
5. this type of myelodysplasia, is an open spinal cord defect that
protrudes dorsally and its not covered in skin: myelomeningocele
6. myelomeningocele is associated with with paralysis?: spinal nerve
paralysis
7. this type of myelodysplasia, is skin covered, its initially associated with
NO paralysis, and contains only membranes or nonfunctional nerves that
end in the sac wall: meningocele
8. myelodysplasia is related to what?: nervous system function
9. pathoembryology
-the spinal cord forms via two processes= neutralization and canalization
-when one process is altered it causes myelodysplasia:
10.myelodysplasia is referred to as what defect?: neural tube defect
11.what are some causes of a child being born with spina bifida? (3):
genetics
-teratogens
-nutritional deficiencies (environmental)
12. genetics= associated with genetic abnormalities including
chromosomal aberrations:
13.excessive intake of this and use of what acid during pregnancy are
known to increase the potential for spina bifida: -excessive maternal
alcohol intake
-use of valproic acid (anticonvulsant medication)
14.nutritional deficiencies including what can cause spina bifida? (2): -
low levels folic acid
-decrease vitamin intake
15.what are the diagnostic techniques during prenatal testing to
diagnose spina bifida? (3): -alpha-fetoprotein
-ultrasound
-genetic testing for syndromes (lemon and banana signs of the brain)
16. cerebrospinal fluid can leak causing a pressure differences and this
1/6
, MYELODYSPLASIA - SPINA
BIFIDA
can pull on the brain
-lemon sign= posterior portion of the brain gets sucked down because of the
2/6
