PATHOPHYSIOLOGYc8THcEDITIONcMCCANCEcTESTcBANK
McCance and Huether’s, Pathophysiology:The Biologic Basis f
c c c c c c
or Disease in Adults and Children, 9TH ED(PATHOPHYSIOLOG
c c c c c c c
Y 9TH EDITION)c c
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGYc8THcEDITIONcMCCANCEcTESTcBANK
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
c c c c
c
MULTIPLEcCHOICEc
c
1. Whichcstatementcbestcdescribesctheccellularcfunctioncofcmetaboliccabsorption?c
a. Cellsccancproducecproteins.c c.cCellsccanctakecincandcusecnutrients.c
b. Cellsccancsecretecdigestivecenzymes.c d.cCellsccancsynthesizecfats.c
c
c
ANS:cCc
Incmetaboliccabsorption,callccellsctakecincandcusecnutrientscandcothercsubstancescfromctheircsur
roundings.cThecremainingcoptionscarecnotcinclusivecinctheircdescriptionscofccellularcmetabolic
cabsorption.c
c
PTS:c1c REF:cPagec2c
c
2. Mostcofcaccell’scgeneticcinformation,cincludingcRNAcandcDNA,cisccontainedcincthe:c
a. Mitochondriac c.cNucleolusc
b. Ribosomec d.cLysosomec
c
c
ANS:cCc
Thecnucleusccontainscthecnucleolus,cacsmallcdensecstructureccomposedclargelycofcRNA,cmostc
ofctheccellularcDNA,candcthecDNA-
bindingcproteins,csuchcascthechistones,cwhichcregulatecitscactivity.cThecothercoptionscdocnotcco
ntaincmostcofcaccell’scgeneticcinformation.c
c
PTS:c1c REF:cPagec2c
c
3. Whichccomponentcofctheccellcproduceschydrogencperoxidec(HNURSINGTB.COM
2O2)cbycusingcoxygenctocremovechydrogencatomscfromcspecificcsubstratescincancoxidativecrea
ction?c
a. Lysosomesc c.cRibosomesc
b. Peroxisomesc d.cOxyhydrosomesc
c
c
ANS:cBc
Peroxisomescarecsocnamedcbecausectheycusuallyccontaincenzymescthatcusecoxygenctocremovec
hydrogencatomscfromcspecificcsubstratescincancoxidativecreactioncthatcproducescH2O2,cwhichci
scacpowerfulcoxidantcandcpotentiallycdestructivecifcitcaccumulatescorcescapescfromcperoxisom
es.cRibosomescarecRNA-
proteinccomplexesc(nucleoproteins)cthatcarecsynthesizedcincthecnucleoluscandcsecretedcintocth
eccytoplasmcthroughcporescincthecnuclearcenvelopeccalledcnuclearcporeccomplexes.cLysosome
scarecsaclikecstructurescthatcoriginatecfromcthecGolgiccomplexcandccontaincmorecthanc40cdiges
tivecenzymesccalledchydrolases,cwhichccatalyzecbondscincproteins,clipids,cnucleiccacids,candcc
arbohydrates.cOxyhydrosomescarecinvolvedcincenzymecproduction.c
c
PTS:c1c REF:cPagec8c
c
4. Whichccellccomponentcisccapablecofccellularcautodigestioncwhencitciscreleasedcduringccellcinjury
?c
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGYc8THcEDITIONcMCCANCEcTESTcBANK
a. Ribosomec c.cSmoothcendoplasmiccreticulumc
b. Golgiccomplexc d.cLysosomesc
c
c
ANS:cDc
Theclysosomalcmembranecactscascacprotectivecshieldcbetweencthecpowerfulcdigestivecenzyme
scwithinctheclysosomecandctheccytoplasm,cpreventingctheircleakagecintoctheccytoplasmiccmatri
x.cDisruptioncofcthecmembranecbycvariousctreatmentscorccellularcinjurycleadsctocacreleasecofcth
eclysosomalcenzymes,cwhichccancthencreactcwithctheircspecificcsubstrates,ccausingccellularcsel
f-digestion.cThecothercoptionscdocnotccorrectlycdescribecthiscprocess.c
c
PTS:c1c REF:cPagesc7-8c
c
5. Whatciscthecsequencecofcstepscincthecdevelopmentcofcacdigestivecenzymecbycthecpancreasccellscfr
omcthecinitialctranscriptionctocthecreleasecfromctheccell?c
a. ThecenzymecisctranscribedcfromcDNAcbycRNAcincthecnucleus,cproceedsctocthecribosomecf
orcsynthesis,candcisctransportedcincacsecretorycvesiclectoctheccellcmembrane.c
b. ThecenzymecisctranscribedcfromcRNAcbycDNAcincthecnucleus,cproceedsctoctheclysosomecf
orcsynthesis,candcisctransportedcincancencapsulatedcmembranectoctheccellcmembrane.c
c. Thecenzymecisctranscribedcbycthecmitochondriacincthecnucleus,cproceedsctocthecribosomecf
orcsynthesis,candcisctransportedcincaccytoskeletonctoctheccellcmembrane.c
d. ThecenzymecisctranscribedcfromcDNAcbycRNAcincthecnucleus,cproceedsctocthec
Golgiccomplexcforcsynthesis,candcisctransportedcincaccytosolctoctheccellcmembrane.c
c
c
ANS:cAc
ThecenzymecisctranscribedcfromcDNAcbycRNAcincthecnucleus,cproceedsctocthecribosomecforcs
ynthesis,candcisctransportedcincacsecretorycvesiclectoctheccellcmembrane.cThecothercoptionscdoc
notccorrectlycdescribecthiscprocess.c
c
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS:c1c REF:cPagec7c|cFigurec1-5c c
c
6. DuringcwhichcphasecofctheccellccycleciscDNAcsynthesized?c
a. G1c c.cG2c
b. Sc d.cMc
c
c
ANS:cBc
Thecfourcdesignatedcphasescofctheccellccyclecare:c(1)cthecG1cphasec(Gc=cgap),cwhichciscthecperi
odcbetweencthecMcphasec(Mc=cmitosis)candcthecstartcofcDNAcsynthesis;c(2)cthecScphasec(Sc=csy
nthesis),cduringcwhichcDNAciscsynthesizedcinctheccellcnucleus;c(3)cthecG2cphase,cduringcwhich
cRNAcandcproteincsynthesiscoccurs,cthecperiodcbetweenctheccompletioncofcDNAcsynthesiscand
cthecnextcphasec(M);candc(4)cthecMcphase,cwhichcincludescnuclearcandccytoplasmiccdivision.c
c
PTS:c1c REF:cPagec37c
c
7. Whatcorganicccompoundcfacilitatesctransportationcacrossccellcmembranescbycactingcascreceptor
s,ctransportcchannelscforcelectrolytes,candcenzymesctocdrivecactivecpumps?c
a. Lipidsc c.cProteinsc
b. Proteasesc d.cCarbohydratesc
c
c
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGYc8THcEDITIONcMCCANCEcTESTcBANK
ANS:cCc
Proteinscactcasc(1)crecognitioncandcbindingcunitsc(receptors)cforcsubstancescmovingcincandcout
cofctheccell;c(2)cporescorctransportcchannelscforcvariouscelectricallycchargedcparticlesccalledcio
nscorcelectrolytescandcspecificccarrierscforcaminocacidscandcmonosaccharides;candc(3)cspecific
cenzymescthatcdrivecactivecpumpscthatcpromotecthecconcentrationcofccertaincions,cparticularlyc
potassiumc(K+),cwithinctheccellcwhileckeepingcconcentrationscofcothercions,cforcexample,csodi
umc(Na+),cbelowcthecconcentrationscfoundcincthecextracellularcenvironment.cThecothercoption
scdocnotccorrectlycdescribecthiscprocess.c
c
PTS:c1c REF:cPagec13c|cPagec15c c
c
8. Understandingcthecvariouscstepscofcproteolyticccascades,csuchcasccaspase-
mediatedcapoptosiscandccomplementccascades,cmaycbecusefulcincdesigningcdrugctherapycforcwh
ichchumancdiseases?c
a. Cardiaccandcvascularcdisordersc
b. Autoimmunecandcmalignantcdisordersc
c. Gastrointestinalcandcrenalcdisordersc
d. Endocrinecandcgastrointestinalcdisordersc
c
c
ANS:cBc
Understandingcthecvariouscstepscinvolvedcincthiscprocesscisccrucialcforcdesigningcdrugcinterve
ntions.cDysregulationcofcproteasescfeaturescprominentlycincmanychumancdiseases,cincludingcc
ancer,cautoimmunity,candcneurodegenerativecdisorders.cThecothercoptionscdocnotccorrectlycde
scribecthiscprocess.c
c
PTS:c1c REF:cPagec15c
c
9. Whichcstructurecpreventscwater-
solublecmoleculescfromcenteringccellscacrosscthecplasmacmembrane?c NURSINGTB.COM
a. Carbohydratecchainsc c.cMembranecchannelcproteinsc
b. Glycoproteincchannelsc d.cLipidcbilayerc
c
c
ANS:cDc
Thecbilayer’scstructurecaccountscforconecofcthecessentialcfunctionscofcthecplasmacmembrane.cIt
ciscimpermeablectocmostcwater-
solublecmoleculesc(moleculescthatcdissolvecincwater)cbecausecthecwater-
solublecmoleculescarecinsolublecincthecoilyccorecregion.cThecbilayercservescascacbarrierctocthecd
iffusioncofcwatercandchydrophiliccsubstancescwhilecallowingclipid-
solublecmolecules,csuchcascoxygenc(O2)candccarboncdioxidec(CO2),ctocdiffusecthroughcitcreadil
y.cThecothercoptionscdocnotccorrectlycdescribecthiscprocess.c
c
PTS:c1c REF:cPagesc12-13c
c
10. Thecfluidcmosaiccmodelcexplains:c
a. Howcaccellcmembranecfunctionsc
b. Whycourcbodiescappearctocbecsolidc
c. Howctissueciscdifferentiatedc
d. Howcfluidcmovescbetweencthecintracellularcandcextracellularccompartmentsc
c
c
NURSINGTB.COM
McCance and Huether’s, Pathophysiology:The Biologic Basis f
c c c c c c
or Disease in Adults and Children, 9TH ED(PATHOPHYSIOLOG
c c c c c c c
Y 9TH EDITION)c c
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGYc8THcEDITIONcMCCANCEcTESTcBANK
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
c c c c
c
MULTIPLEcCHOICEc
c
1. Whichcstatementcbestcdescribesctheccellularcfunctioncofcmetaboliccabsorption?c
a. Cellsccancproducecproteins.c c.cCellsccanctakecincandcusecnutrients.c
b. Cellsccancsecretecdigestivecenzymes.c d.cCellsccancsynthesizecfats.c
c
c
ANS:cCc
Incmetaboliccabsorption,callccellsctakecincandcusecnutrientscandcothercsubstancescfromctheircsur
roundings.cThecremainingcoptionscarecnotcinclusivecinctheircdescriptionscofccellularcmetabolic
cabsorption.c
c
PTS:c1c REF:cPagec2c
c
2. Mostcofcaccell’scgeneticcinformation,cincludingcRNAcandcDNA,cisccontainedcincthe:c
a. Mitochondriac c.cNucleolusc
b. Ribosomec d.cLysosomec
c
c
ANS:cCc
Thecnucleusccontainscthecnucleolus,cacsmallcdensecstructureccomposedclargelycofcRNA,cmostc
ofctheccellularcDNA,candcthecDNA-
bindingcproteins,csuchcascthechistones,cwhichcregulatecitscactivity.cThecothercoptionscdocnotcco
ntaincmostcofcaccell’scgeneticcinformation.c
c
PTS:c1c REF:cPagec2c
c
3. Whichccomponentcofctheccellcproduceschydrogencperoxidec(HNURSINGTB.COM
2O2)cbycusingcoxygenctocremovechydrogencatomscfromcspecificcsubstratescincancoxidativecrea
ction?c
a. Lysosomesc c.cRibosomesc
b. Peroxisomesc d.cOxyhydrosomesc
c
c
ANS:cBc
Peroxisomescarecsocnamedcbecausectheycusuallyccontaincenzymescthatcusecoxygenctocremovec
hydrogencatomscfromcspecificcsubstratescincancoxidativecreactioncthatcproducescH2O2,cwhichci
scacpowerfulcoxidantcandcpotentiallycdestructivecifcitcaccumulatescorcescapescfromcperoxisom
es.cRibosomescarecRNA-
proteinccomplexesc(nucleoproteins)cthatcarecsynthesizedcincthecnucleoluscandcsecretedcintocth
eccytoplasmcthroughcporescincthecnuclearcenvelopeccalledcnuclearcporeccomplexes.cLysosome
scarecsaclikecstructurescthatcoriginatecfromcthecGolgiccomplexcandccontaincmorecthanc40cdiges
tivecenzymesccalledchydrolases,cwhichccatalyzecbondscincproteins,clipids,cnucleiccacids,candcc
arbohydrates.cOxyhydrosomescarecinvolvedcincenzymecproduction.c
c
PTS:c1c REF:cPagec8c
c
4. Whichccellccomponentcisccapablecofccellularcautodigestioncwhencitciscreleasedcduringccellcinjury
?c
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGYc8THcEDITIONcMCCANCEcTESTcBANK
a. Ribosomec c.cSmoothcendoplasmiccreticulumc
b. Golgiccomplexc d.cLysosomesc
c
c
ANS:cDc
Theclysosomalcmembranecactscascacprotectivecshieldcbetweencthecpowerfulcdigestivecenzyme
scwithinctheclysosomecandctheccytoplasm,cpreventingctheircleakagecintoctheccytoplasmiccmatri
x.cDisruptioncofcthecmembranecbycvariousctreatmentscorccellularcinjurycleadsctocacreleasecofcth
eclysosomalcenzymes,cwhichccancthencreactcwithctheircspecificcsubstrates,ccausingccellularcsel
f-digestion.cThecothercoptionscdocnotccorrectlycdescribecthiscprocess.c
c
PTS:c1c REF:cPagesc7-8c
c
5. Whatciscthecsequencecofcstepscincthecdevelopmentcofcacdigestivecenzymecbycthecpancreasccellscfr
omcthecinitialctranscriptionctocthecreleasecfromctheccell?c
a. ThecenzymecisctranscribedcfromcDNAcbycRNAcincthecnucleus,cproceedsctocthecribosomecf
orcsynthesis,candcisctransportedcincacsecretorycvesiclectoctheccellcmembrane.c
b. ThecenzymecisctranscribedcfromcRNAcbycDNAcincthecnucleus,cproceedsctoctheclysosomecf
orcsynthesis,candcisctransportedcincancencapsulatedcmembranectoctheccellcmembrane.c
c. Thecenzymecisctranscribedcbycthecmitochondriacincthecnucleus,cproceedsctocthecribosomecf
orcsynthesis,candcisctransportedcincaccytoskeletonctoctheccellcmembrane.c
d. ThecenzymecisctranscribedcfromcDNAcbycRNAcincthecnucleus,cproceedsctocthec
Golgiccomplexcforcsynthesis,candcisctransportedcincaccytosolctoctheccellcmembrane.c
c
c
ANS:cAc
ThecenzymecisctranscribedcfromcDNAcbycRNAcincthecnucleus,cproceedsctocthecribosomecforcs
ynthesis,candcisctransportedcincacsecretorycvesiclectoctheccellcmembrane.cThecothercoptionscdoc
notccorrectlycdescribecthiscprocess.c
c
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS:c1c REF:cPagec7c|cFigurec1-5c c
c
6. DuringcwhichcphasecofctheccellccycleciscDNAcsynthesized?c
a. G1c c.cG2c
b. Sc d.cMc
c
c
ANS:cBc
Thecfourcdesignatedcphasescofctheccellccyclecare:c(1)cthecG1cphasec(Gc=cgap),cwhichciscthecperi
odcbetweencthecMcphasec(Mc=cmitosis)candcthecstartcofcDNAcsynthesis;c(2)cthecScphasec(Sc=csy
nthesis),cduringcwhichcDNAciscsynthesizedcinctheccellcnucleus;c(3)cthecG2cphase,cduringcwhich
cRNAcandcproteincsynthesiscoccurs,cthecperiodcbetweenctheccompletioncofcDNAcsynthesiscand
cthecnextcphasec(M);candc(4)cthecMcphase,cwhichcincludescnuclearcandccytoplasmiccdivision.c
c
PTS:c1c REF:cPagec37c
c
7. Whatcorganicccompoundcfacilitatesctransportationcacrossccellcmembranescbycactingcascreceptor
s,ctransportcchannelscforcelectrolytes,candcenzymesctocdrivecactivecpumps?c
a. Lipidsc c.cProteinsc
b. Proteasesc d.cCarbohydratesc
c
c
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGYc8THcEDITIONcMCCANCEcTESTcBANK
ANS:cCc
Proteinscactcasc(1)crecognitioncandcbindingcunitsc(receptors)cforcsubstancescmovingcincandcout
cofctheccell;c(2)cporescorctransportcchannelscforcvariouscelectricallycchargedcparticlesccalledcio
nscorcelectrolytescandcspecificccarrierscforcaminocacidscandcmonosaccharides;candc(3)cspecific
cenzymescthatcdrivecactivecpumpscthatcpromotecthecconcentrationcofccertaincions,cparticularlyc
potassiumc(K+),cwithinctheccellcwhileckeepingcconcentrationscofcothercions,cforcexample,csodi
umc(Na+),cbelowcthecconcentrationscfoundcincthecextracellularcenvironment.cThecothercoption
scdocnotccorrectlycdescribecthiscprocess.c
c
PTS:c1c REF:cPagec13c|cPagec15c c
c
8. Understandingcthecvariouscstepscofcproteolyticccascades,csuchcasccaspase-
mediatedcapoptosiscandccomplementccascades,cmaycbecusefulcincdesigningcdrugctherapycforcwh
ichchumancdiseases?c
a. Cardiaccandcvascularcdisordersc
b. Autoimmunecandcmalignantcdisordersc
c. Gastrointestinalcandcrenalcdisordersc
d. Endocrinecandcgastrointestinalcdisordersc
c
c
ANS:cBc
Understandingcthecvariouscstepscinvolvedcincthiscprocesscisccrucialcforcdesigningcdrugcinterve
ntions.cDysregulationcofcproteasescfeaturescprominentlycincmanychumancdiseases,cincludingcc
ancer,cautoimmunity,candcneurodegenerativecdisorders.cThecothercoptionscdocnotccorrectlycde
scribecthiscprocess.c
c
PTS:c1c REF:cPagec15c
c
9. Whichcstructurecpreventscwater-
solublecmoleculescfromcenteringccellscacrosscthecplasmacmembrane?c NURSINGTB.COM
a. Carbohydratecchainsc c.cMembranecchannelcproteinsc
b. Glycoproteincchannelsc d.cLipidcbilayerc
c
c
ANS:cDc
Thecbilayer’scstructurecaccountscforconecofcthecessentialcfunctionscofcthecplasmacmembrane.cIt
ciscimpermeablectocmostcwater-
solublecmoleculesc(moleculescthatcdissolvecincwater)cbecausecthecwater-
solublecmoleculescarecinsolublecincthecoilyccorecregion.cThecbilayercservescascacbarrierctocthecd
iffusioncofcwatercandchydrophiliccsubstancescwhilecallowingclipid-
solublecmolecules,csuchcascoxygenc(O2)candccarboncdioxidec(CO2),ctocdiffusecthroughcitcreadil
y.cThecothercoptionscdocnotccorrectlycdescribecthiscprocess.c
c
PTS:c1c REF:cPagesc12-13c
c
10. Thecfluidcmosaiccmodelcexplains:c
a. Howcaccellcmembranecfunctionsc
b. Whycourcbodiescappearctocbecsolidc
c. Howctissueciscdifferentiatedc
d. Howcfluidcmovescbetweencthecintracellularcandcextracellularccompartmentsc
c
c
NURSINGTB.COM
