medsurg 2 exam 2 - biliary and pancreas, neuro, onc and
degenerative
1. fxn of the gallbladder: ¸Storage depot for bile produced by the liver
¸Lies in a shallow depression on the inferior surface of the liver
¸Holds 30-50 mL of bile
2. is composed of water and electrolytes, lecithin, fatty acids,
cho- lesterol, bilirubin, and bile salts: BILE
3. salts + cholesterol = in ileum: Bile salts +
choles- terol = fat emulsion in ileum
4. what is the enterohepatic circulation> which nervous system is involved
in this?: ¸Rest and digest = parasympathetic --> sends a signal which
tells liver to stimulate bile production and to small intestine to begin
digestion
¸Bile salts & cholesterol reabsorbed and returned to liver, and are
reused to create new bile
5. what is the pancreas? two fxns?: 1. Exocrine functions:
¸Secretion of digestive enzymes into GI tract = Pancreatic enzymes:
amylase, trypsin, lipase
2. Endocrine functions:
¸Release of hormones into blood stream = Pancreatic hormones: insulin,
glucagon, somatostatin
6. Somatostatin = does what?
Glucagon = inc what?
Insulin = dec what?: Somatostatin = hypoglycemic effect by interfering
w release of glucagon
Glucagon = inc blood
glucose Insulin = dec
blood glucose
7. What is cholecystitis? s/sx?
calculous vs acalculus?: **Inflammation of the gallbladder
¸Pain, tenderness, and rigidity of the upper right abd (Pain may radiate
to R shoulder or midsternal area)
¸Nausea & vomiting
, medsurg 2 exam 2 - biliary and pancreas, neuro, onc and
degenerative
¸Calculous: Gallbladder stones*
, medsurg 2 exam 2 - biliary and pancreas, neuro, onc and
degenerative
¸Acalculus: NO stones
8. what is cholelithiasis?: **Gallstones = solid constituents of bile**
Gallstones = solid pieces of cholesterol --> can cause clogs in gallbladde
which creates a backup of bile leading to swelling
Common bile duct connects to pancreatic duct
9. risk factors of cholelithiasis include...: ¸Women esp. multiple
pregnancies- excess estrogen from pregnancy or birth control pills can
increase risk = Affect 50% of women by age 70
¸Age- risk increases after 40, highest between 70-70 years
¸Frequent changes in weight = Rapid weight loss or having a higher
weight, especially for women
¸Diabetes & liver disease
¸Medications- those that lower cholesterol
¸Diet- high in fat, cholesterol
¸Ethnicity- Native Americans and people of Hispanic origin have
highest rates of gallstones in the US
10.Biliary colic means: gallbladder is "spasming" trying to push the
stone out (spasming type of pain)
11.Vitamin K = reversal for so if you have levels of vit K
then you're prone to bleeding: warfarin
deficient
12.s/sx of cholecytisis: -fever and leukocytosis
-jaundice
-N/V
-pain = RUQ or right shoulder pain, may radiate to back, inc w deep
breath
-anorexia
-fat intolerance
-feeling "fullness"
-abd distention
13.s/sx of cholelithiasis: ¸Can be silent
¸RUQ Abd. Pain & Biliary Colic = Fullness, Abd distention, Vague pain in
RUQ of abdomen, may follow a meal rich in fatty / fried foods
¸Nausea & Vomiting (common)
, medsurg 2 exam 2 - biliary and pancreas, neuro, onc and
degenerative
¸Leukocytosis, fever (cholecystitis)
degenerative
1. fxn of the gallbladder: ¸Storage depot for bile produced by the liver
¸Lies in a shallow depression on the inferior surface of the liver
¸Holds 30-50 mL of bile
2. is composed of water and electrolytes, lecithin, fatty acids,
cho- lesterol, bilirubin, and bile salts: BILE
3. salts + cholesterol = in ileum: Bile salts +
choles- terol = fat emulsion in ileum
4. what is the enterohepatic circulation> which nervous system is involved
in this?: ¸Rest and digest = parasympathetic --> sends a signal which
tells liver to stimulate bile production and to small intestine to begin
digestion
¸Bile salts & cholesterol reabsorbed and returned to liver, and are
reused to create new bile
5. what is the pancreas? two fxns?: 1. Exocrine functions:
¸Secretion of digestive enzymes into GI tract = Pancreatic enzymes:
amylase, trypsin, lipase
2. Endocrine functions:
¸Release of hormones into blood stream = Pancreatic hormones: insulin,
glucagon, somatostatin
6. Somatostatin = does what?
Glucagon = inc what?
Insulin = dec what?: Somatostatin = hypoglycemic effect by interfering
w release of glucagon
Glucagon = inc blood
glucose Insulin = dec
blood glucose
7. What is cholecystitis? s/sx?
calculous vs acalculus?: **Inflammation of the gallbladder
¸Pain, tenderness, and rigidity of the upper right abd (Pain may radiate
to R shoulder or midsternal area)
¸Nausea & vomiting
, medsurg 2 exam 2 - biliary and pancreas, neuro, onc and
degenerative
¸Calculous: Gallbladder stones*
, medsurg 2 exam 2 - biliary and pancreas, neuro, onc and
degenerative
¸Acalculus: NO stones
8. what is cholelithiasis?: **Gallstones = solid constituents of bile**
Gallstones = solid pieces of cholesterol --> can cause clogs in gallbladde
which creates a backup of bile leading to swelling
Common bile duct connects to pancreatic duct
9. risk factors of cholelithiasis include...: ¸Women esp. multiple
pregnancies- excess estrogen from pregnancy or birth control pills can
increase risk = Affect 50% of women by age 70
¸Age- risk increases after 40, highest between 70-70 years
¸Frequent changes in weight = Rapid weight loss or having a higher
weight, especially for women
¸Diabetes & liver disease
¸Medications- those that lower cholesterol
¸Diet- high in fat, cholesterol
¸Ethnicity- Native Americans and people of Hispanic origin have
highest rates of gallstones in the US
10.Biliary colic means: gallbladder is "spasming" trying to push the
stone out (spasming type of pain)
11.Vitamin K = reversal for so if you have levels of vit K
then you're prone to bleeding: warfarin
deficient
12.s/sx of cholecytisis: -fever and leukocytosis
-jaundice
-N/V
-pain = RUQ or right shoulder pain, may radiate to back, inc w deep
breath
-anorexia
-fat intolerance
-feeling "fullness"
-abd distention
13.s/sx of cholelithiasis: ¸Can be silent
¸RUQ Abd. Pain & Biliary Colic = Fullness, Abd distention, Vague pain in
RUQ of abdomen, may follow a meal rich in fatty / fried foods
¸Nausea & Vomiting (common)
, medsurg 2 exam 2 - biliary and pancreas, neuro, onc and
degenerative
¸Leukocytosis, fever (cholecystitis)
