NURS475 Child Health Exam 3: Neuromusclar and
Muscoskeletal
1. What is the neuromuscular system?: Nervous system and muscles
working together to control movement
2. Hypertonia: increased muscle tone
3. Hypotonia: decreased muscle tone
4. Casting: immobilize body part
5. Splinting: provide temporary stiff support
6. Cold therapy: cold packs for acute injuries
7. Skeletal or cervical traction: application of pulling force to extremity or
body part
8. Meds for Neuromusc. problems?: •Benzodiazepines: sedatives
• Baclofen: relaxes muscles, spasms
• Corticosteroids: inflammation
• Botulin toxin: paralysis
• Acetaminophen
• Narcotic analgesics
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• Bisphosphonate: slows bone loss
9. Spina bifida occulta: a vertebral defect of vertebral bodies without
protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges
benign or asymptomatic
10.S/S of spina bifida occulta?: tufts of hair in lumbosacral area,
discoloration, dimpling
11.Tx for spina bifida?: surgery due to degenerative changes, or
involvement of the spina and nerve routes
12.Meningocele?: the meninges herniated through a defect in the
vertebrae
1/
, NURS475 Child Health Exam 3: Neuromusclar and
Muscoskeletal
spinal cord is usually normal with minimal or no neurologic defects
2/
, NURS475 Child Health Exam 3: Neuromusclar and
Muscoskeletal
13.S/S of Spina Bifida: Detected at birth, lumbar area
*change in neuro status
*Dx: CT, MRI, Ultrasound
14.Tx for meningocele: correction of lesion
15.Considerations for Meningocele: S/S of
infection Neuro status
Constipation/Bladder dysfunction
Head circumferences: hydrocephalus
16.Myelomeningocele?: Protrusion of the meningeal sac that contains
cerebral spinal fluid, a portion of the spinal cord, and nerves through a
vertebral defect
17.What happens to the spinal cord in myelomeningocele?: ends up
defected and can be located anywhere on the spine
(usually founds in the lumbo sacral area)
18.Dx for myelomeningocele: dx in utero/at birth
*MRI, CT, Ultrasound, Myelography
19.tx for myelomeningocele: surgery
20.Maternal factors that can increase Myelomeningocele?: Lack of
prenatal care, preconceptions, prenatal folic acid
Previous child or fam hx
Maternal drug that antagonize folic aids: anticonvulsants
(carbamazepine & pheno- barbital)
21.Interventions for Myelomeningocele?: Prevent infection, latex allergies
Promote urinary/bowel
elimination Maintain skin
integrity
Educate & Support child/family
3/
Muscoskeletal
1. What is the neuromuscular system?: Nervous system and muscles
working together to control movement
2. Hypertonia: increased muscle tone
3. Hypotonia: decreased muscle tone
4. Casting: immobilize body part
5. Splinting: provide temporary stiff support
6. Cold therapy: cold packs for acute injuries
7. Skeletal or cervical traction: application of pulling force to extremity or
body part
8. Meds for Neuromusc. problems?: •Benzodiazepines: sedatives
• Baclofen: relaxes muscles, spasms
• Corticosteroids: inflammation
• Botulin toxin: paralysis
• Acetaminophen
• Narcotic analgesics
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• Bisphosphonate: slows bone loss
9. Spina bifida occulta: a vertebral defect of vertebral bodies without
protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges
benign or asymptomatic
10.S/S of spina bifida occulta?: tufts of hair in lumbosacral area,
discoloration, dimpling
11.Tx for spina bifida?: surgery due to degenerative changes, or
involvement of the spina and nerve routes
12.Meningocele?: the meninges herniated through a defect in the
vertebrae
1/
, NURS475 Child Health Exam 3: Neuromusclar and
Muscoskeletal
spinal cord is usually normal with minimal or no neurologic defects
2/
, NURS475 Child Health Exam 3: Neuromusclar and
Muscoskeletal
13.S/S of Spina Bifida: Detected at birth, lumbar area
*change in neuro status
*Dx: CT, MRI, Ultrasound
14.Tx for meningocele: correction of lesion
15.Considerations for Meningocele: S/S of
infection Neuro status
Constipation/Bladder dysfunction
Head circumferences: hydrocephalus
16.Myelomeningocele?: Protrusion of the meningeal sac that contains
cerebral spinal fluid, a portion of the spinal cord, and nerves through a
vertebral defect
17.What happens to the spinal cord in myelomeningocele?: ends up
defected and can be located anywhere on the spine
(usually founds in the lumbo sacral area)
18.Dx for myelomeningocele: dx in utero/at birth
*MRI, CT, Ultrasound, Myelography
19.tx for myelomeningocele: surgery
20.Maternal factors that can increase Myelomeningocele?: Lack of
prenatal care, preconceptions, prenatal folic acid
Previous child or fam hx
Maternal drug that antagonize folic aids: anticonvulsants
(carbamazepine & pheno- barbital)
21.Interventions for Myelomeningocele?: Prevent infection, latex allergies
Promote urinary/bowel
elimination Maintain skin
integrity
Educate & Support child/family
3/
