Chapter 08: Nursing Theory

Chapter 08: Nursing Theory MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A nurse is working in an Asian neighborhood of a large metropolitan city. In attempting to meet the cultural needs of this segment of the population, the nurse could apply whose nursing theory to the organization of nursing care required by these residents? a. Virginia Henderson b. Martha Rogers. c. Dorothea Orem d. Madeline Leininger ANS: D Madeline Leininger’s theory focuses on the overall impact of culture on a person’s health and caring practices. Dorothy Orem’s theory involves the three interwoven theories of self-care, self-care deficit, and the nursing system to help the nurse plan strategies to meet the patient’s needs. Virginia Henderson’s model focuses on the unique functions of nurses and 14 basic needs. Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings is an abstract model addressing the complexity of the “unitary human being,” which allows for the examination of phenomena (energy fields, paranormal) that other theories do not describe, as nurses promote synchronicity between human beings and their environment/universe. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application/Applying REF: p. 181 OBJ: Discuss some of the main points of each of these theories. TOP: Models of nursing theory MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable 2. A middle-aged patient has experienced a myocardial infarction that has significantly limited activities and lifestyle. The patient is exercising and working with a nurse in the cardiac rehabilitation program. This is an example of the implementation of what nursing theory? a. Martha Rogers’ examination of the phenomena of energy fields b. Dorothy Orem’s interwoven theories of self-care, self- care deficit, and nursing care c. Dorothy Johnson’s theme that the person is a behavior system and is orderly and balanced d. Sister Callista Roy’s theme of coping and adaptation to stimuli and stressors. ANS: B Dorothy Orem’s theory involves the three interwoven theories of self-care, self-care deficit, and the nursing system to help the nurse plan strategies to meet the patient’s needs. Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings is an abstract model addressing the complexity of the “unitary human being,” which allows for the examination of phenomena (energy fields, paranormal); the energy being discussed regarding exercise is not what this is describing. Roy’s theory is about adapting to stressors, and in this instance, the exercising and working with the cardiac rehab nurse would not constitute adapting to stimuli and stressors. Johnson’s theory focuses on human behavior rather than the person’s state of health; hence, the activity of exercise is health related. . PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application/Applying REF: p. 174 OBJ: Discuss some of the main points of each of these theories. TOP: Models of nursing theory MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable. 3. A nurse would like to improve personal practice by utilizing nursing theory. What action can the nurse take to begin incorporating nursing theory into practice? a. Learn about nursing theories. b. Apply for a management position. c. Transfer to the education department. d. Enroll in a PhD program at the local university.