HLSC 2410 EXAM 2 GASTROINTESTINAL PORTION QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
GRADED A++
What is the purpose of the GI system?
digest food, absorb nutrients, and remove undigested material (waste) from the body
Why do we spend so much time chewing?
Because our bodies cannot absorb macromolecules
What does the motility process of the GI system consist of?
ingestion, swallowing, peristalsis, elimination
What does the digestion process of the GI system consist of?
chewing & grinding (physical)
digestive enzymes (chemical)
What does the secretion process of the GI system consist of?
water, HCL, enzymes, some organic waste products
What does the absorption process of the GI system consist of?
water, electrolytes, simple sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals
What is the one organ that the portal vein doesn't drain in the splanchnic
circulation?
the liver
What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands that secrete 90% of saliva into the oral
cavity?*
,parotid gland
sublingual
submandibular
What provides the other 10% of salivary secretions?
Von Ebner's glands (lingual lipase)
What is the major oral GI enzyme?*
amylase
What does amylase do?**
partly digests polysaccharides
- starch digestions
Do the pharynx and esophagus contribute to digestion?*
no, but they contribute to the swallowing process
Where does most absorption of nutrients occur?**
small intestine
How does the esophagus move food to the stomach?*
by peristalsis
What is the purpose of the GI spinchters?
they promote selective retention in specific sites for optimal digestion and absorption
What role does the ENS play in the GI tract?*
it controls the intrinsic controls --> GI reflexes
- coordinates digestion, secretion & motility
What do MMC's do?**
they clean up the undigested material
, What is the purpose of peristalsis?*
forward propulsion
What is the purpose of segmental contractions?*
mixing
- break up bolus, exposing more surface area for enzymes to digest and facilitate
nutrient absorption
What are interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) responsible for?*
- slow waves and pacemaker activity of smooth muscle
- amplify neuronal input
- central to GI motility regulation
these cells mediate between efferent neurons and smooth muscle cells
What initiates MMCs?**
motilin
What inhibits motilin release?**
feeding
What stimulates the cephalic phase of the GI tract? And what is the effector
response?*
stimuli: auditory, visual, olfactory, taste
response: 1. saliva secretion
2. gastric secretion
3. pancreatic juice secretion
4. mild contraction of the gallbladder
What does saliva contain for digestion of carbohydrates?*
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
GRADED A++
What is the purpose of the GI system?
digest food, absorb nutrients, and remove undigested material (waste) from the body
Why do we spend so much time chewing?
Because our bodies cannot absorb macromolecules
What does the motility process of the GI system consist of?
ingestion, swallowing, peristalsis, elimination
What does the digestion process of the GI system consist of?
chewing & grinding (physical)
digestive enzymes (chemical)
What does the secretion process of the GI system consist of?
water, HCL, enzymes, some organic waste products
What does the absorption process of the GI system consist of?
water, electrolytes, simple sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals
What is the one organ that the portal vein doesn't drain in the splanchnic
circulation?
the liver
What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands that secrete 90% of saliva into the oral
cavity?*
,parotid gland
sublingual
submandibular
What provides the other 10% of salivary secretions?
Von Ebner's glands (lingual lipase)
What is the major oral GI enzyme?*
amylase
What does amylase do?**
partly digests polysaccharides
- starch digestions
Do the pharynx and esophagus contribute to digestion?*
no, but they contribute to the swallowing process
Where does most absorption of nutrients occur?**
small intestine
How does the esophagus move food to the stomach?*
by peristalsis
What is the purpose of the GI spinchters?
they promote selective retention in specific sites for optimal digestion and absorption
What role does the ENS play in the GI tract?*
it controls the intrinsic controls --> GI reflexes
- coordinates digestion, secretion & motility
What do MMC's do?**
they clean up the undigested material
, What is the purpose of peristalsis?*
forward propulsion
What is the purpose of segmental contractions?*
mixing
- break up bolus, exposing more surface area for enzymes to digest and facilitate
nutrient absorption
What are interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) responsible for?*
- slow waves and pacemaker activity of smooth muscle
- amplify neuronal input
- central to GI motility regulation
these cells mediate between efferent neurons and smooth muscle cells
What initiates MMCs?**
motilin
What inhibits motilin release?**
feeding
What stimulates the cephalic phase of the GI tract? And what is the effector
response?*
stimuli: auditory, visual, olfactory, taste
response: 1. saliva secretion
2. gastric secretion
3. pancreatic juice secretion
4. mild contraction of the gallbladder
What does saliva contain for digestion of carbohydrates?*
