HLSC 2410 EXAM 2 CARDIO PORTION QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST
UPDATE
What is the purpose of the heart?
to generate pressure to drive blood through the vasculature and perfuse capillaries
What kind of muscle does the heart contain?*
cardiac muscle
What kind of muscle is in the blood vessels?*
smooth mucsle
What is the purpose of blood?
to carry oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and remove carbon dioxide/cellular waste
products
What is the primary function of the CV system?
to ensure adequate blood flow through capillaries to meet metabolic needs of tissues of
the body
What are other functions of the CV system?*
- thermoregulation
- hormone production
- fluid balance
What is thermoregulation?
,regulation of skin blood flow to alter how much heat is lost/preserved from the surface of
the body
What is the blood volume?*
volume of blood in the entire vascular component
- average value of 5 liters
What is stroke volume?*
volume of blood pumped out into the vasculature with each contraction (each beat) of
the heart
- average volume ~70 mL
What is the heart beat?
number of times the heart contracts each minute
What is cardiac output?*
how much blood is pumped into the vasculature per minute
How do you calculate cardiac output?*
stroke volume x heart rate
What is blood pressure?*
force exerted on walls of blood vessels/heart by blood inside it
What is one way to change arterial blood pressure?*
by increasing or decreasing the amount of blood in the arteries
What does the left heart do?*
pumps oxygenated blood to body to meet cells metabolic needs
What does the right heart do?*
pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs to pick up more oxygen
, Which side of the heart generates a higher pressure?*
the left side because there is way more muscle here than in the right side
True or False: Deoxygenated blood contains zero oxygen**
False. It is just blood that has had some oxygen removed
How does blood move through the heart and vasculature?*
by the process of bulk flow
How is diffusion different from bulk flow?*
diffusion uses a concentration gradient where bulk flow uses a pressure difference
Where does gas exchange take place?
capillaries
What happens at the systemic capillaries?
oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between blood and systemic tissues
- deliver oxygen to tissues
What happens at the pulmonary capillaries?
oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between blood and lungs
- pick up oxygen from lungs
What are some characteristics of systemic circulation?**
- high pressure system
- high resistance system
- closed system
Why is the systemic circulation a high pressure, high resistance system?*
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST
UPDATE
What is the purpose of the heart?
to generate pressure to drive blood through the vasculature and perfuse capillaries
What kind of muscle does the heart contain?*
cardiac muscle
What kind of muscle is in the blood vessels?*
smooth mucsle
What is the purpose of blood?
to carry oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and remove carbon dioxide/cellular waste
products
What is the primary function of the CV system?
to ensure adequate blood flow through capillaries to meet metabolic needs of tissues of
the body
What are other functions of the CV system?*
- thermoregulation
- hormone production
- fluid balance
What is thermoregulation?
,regulation of skin blood flow to alter how much heat is lost/preserved from the surface of
the body
What is the blood volume?*
volume of blood in the entire vascular component
- average value of 5 liters
What is stroke volume?*
volume of blood pumped out into the vasculature with each contraction (each beat) of
the heart
- average volume ~70 mL
What is the heart beat?
number of times the heart contracts each minute
What is cardiac output?*
how much blood is pumped into the vasculature per minute
How do you calculate cardiac output?*
stroke volume x heart rate
What is blood pressure?*
force exerted on walls of blood vessels/heart by blood inside it
What is one way to change arterial blood pressure?*
by increasing or decreasing the amount of blood in the arteries
What does the left heart do?*
pumps oxygenated blood to body to meet cells metabolic needs
What does the right heart do?*
pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs to pick up more oxygen
, Which side of the heart generates a higher pressure?*
the left side because there is way more muscle here than in the right side
True or False: Deoxygenated blood contains zero oxygen**
False. It is just blood that has had some oxygen removed
How does blood move through the heart and vasculature?*
by the process of bulk flow
How is diffusion different from bulk flow?*
diffusion uses a concentration gradient where bulk flow uses a pressure difference
Where does gas exchange take place?
capillaries
What happens at the systemic capillaries?
oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between blood and systemic tissues
- deliver oxygen to tissues
What happens at the pulmonary capillaries?
oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between blood and lungs
- pick up oxygen from lungs
What are some characteristics of systemic circulation?**
- high pressure system
- high resistance system
- closed system
Why is the systemic circulation a high pressure, high resistance system?*
