UBC PSYC 350 Final Correct Review.
Types of sexual assault in the pre-1983 Criminal Code - CORRECT ANSWER4 sections: rape, attempted
rape, indecent assault against a female, indecent assault against a male
Legal definition of rape before 1983 - CORRECT ANSWERForced heterosexual intercourse by a man with
a woman who was not his wife
Problems with the legal definition of rape before 1983 - CORRECT ANSWER1. Rape was limited to
heterosexual intercourse
2. Women couldn't be charged with rape, and men couldn't be victims of rape
3. Women couldn't legally refuse their husbands' demands
4. Victim's prior sexual activities could be considered as evidence of her consent
5. The legal system had provisions that specifically required corroboration that the crime of rape actually
took place
6. Rape complaints that weren't made immediately after the attack were invalidated
Changes to the Criminal Code in 1983 - CORRECT ANSWEROffences of rape and indecent assault were
replaced by three gender-neutral crimes of sexual assault: sexual assault, sexual assault with a weapon
causing serious injury or endangering the life of the victim or causing bodily harm, and aggravated
sexual assault
Sexual assault - CORRECT ANSWERIncludes a variety of nonconsensual sexual experiences ranging from
unwanted touching to forced oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse and sexual violence causing serious
physical injury or disfigurement to the victim
How does the post-1983 Criminal Code define consent? - CORRECT ANSWERMust be actively
established; silence, inaction, or ambiguous conduct do not count; victim can't be drunk or unconscious;
victim is allowed to change their mind; children under age 16 can never consent to sex with an adult
Rape shield laws - CORRECT ANSWERLimiting the questioning of victims about their sexual history in
sexual assault trials
,Changes in corroboration of victim's testimony for post-1983 sexual assault charges - CORRECT
ANSWERNo longer required
Can the judge still admit a sexual assault complainant's sexual history as evidence? - CORRECT
ANSWERIn some conditions, yes
2009 Canadian General Social Survey - CORRECT ANSWERAsked women and men under age 65 about
their experiences of criminal sexual assault; 3.4% of women and 1.5% of men reported they had
experienced sexual assault in the past 12 months; 87% reported perps were male; 81% of these were
simple sexual assault w/o threats or violence; 1/2 the incidents, the perp was someone the victim knew
Sexual assault stats among Canadian university students - CORRECT ANSWERIn the previous year, 10.7%
had experienced sexual touching w/o their consent, 3.6% nonconsensual attempted penetration, 2%
nonconsensual penetration; between 3-5x as many women as men
How many sexual assaults were reported to the police in Canada in 2015? - CORRECT ANSWER21,362
Changes in rates of reported sexual assault in Canada over time - CORRECT ANSWERHave decreased
consistently since the 90s
What are some of the reasons that women choose not to report their sexual assault to the police? -
CORRECT ANSWERBelieving the police couldn't do anything, wanting to keep the event private, feeling
ashamed or embarrassed, being afraid of not being believed, fearing the perp, not wanting the perp to
be arrested
What is the probability that a sexual assault claim will result in a criminal conviction? - CORRECT
ANSWERExtremely low
Rates of sexual assault against individuals with disabilities - CORRECT ANSWERGreater risk - found more
than 4x as likely in one study
Date rape - CORRECT ANSWERA term used to denote sexual assault by someone who is known to the
victim, even though it doesn't often occur on dates
,What percentage of assaults against women are perpetrated by someone they know? - CORRECT
ANSWERBased on police reports, 75%; likely to underestimate the true rate because many women do
not report, particularly if it involves the acquaintance
Percentage of university women who reported having experienced coerced sexual activity involving
pressure or force in one Ontario study - CORRECT ANSWER48%
Percentage of women who reported experiencing some form of sexual victimization in one Ontario
study - CORRECT ANSWER59%; including 24% who reported forced oral, anal, or vaginal sex
Rates of sexual coercion among middle- and high-schoolers according to a New Brunswick study -
CORRECT ANSWER44% of girls reported a sexually coercive experience; 17% of boys reported having
been sexually abusive. More than half the girls reported being upset by the experience.
Impact of sexual coercion by a dating partner on the victim - CORRECT ANSWERAssociated with
depression, lower self-esteem, and more negative sexual self-perceptions
Two factors that explain why sexually aggressive men may misperceive women's communications -
CORRECT ANSWER1. Men in general tend to misperceive women's warmth and friendliness as indicating
sexual interest
2. Sexually aggressive men are likely to have a "suspicious schema": they generally believe that women
do not communicate honestly, particularly when the women communicates clearly that she is rejecting
an advance
Controversy about the miscommunication hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWERRecent research has
suggested that men usually do understand women's refusals as refusals
3 major types of "date-rape drugs" - CORRECT ANSWERRohypnol, GHB, and ketamine
Nicknames for Rohypnol - CORRECT ANSWERRoofie, roachie, La Rocha, forget pills, pasta, peanuts,
whiteys, ropes
, Rohypnol - CORRECT ANSWERFlunitrazepam; causes drowsiness or sleep; causes memory loss about the
event
Nicknames for GHB - CORRECT ANSWERLiquid G, G, Georgia home boy, easy lay, grievous bodily harm
GHB - CORRECT ANSWERGamma hydroxybutyrate; produces similar effects to alcohol but can cause
hallucinations in larger doses and when mixed with alcohol can lead to a loss of consciousness
Nicknames for ketamine - CORRECT ANSWERK, vitamin K, special K
Ketamine - CORRECT ANSWERCauses a combination of amnesia and hallucinations
Less common date-rape drugs - CORRECT ANSWEREcstasy and Foxy Methoxy
Other substances that have been used for drug-facilitated sexual assault - CORRECT ANSWERAlcohol,
marijuana, and tranquilizers
Partner sexual assault - CORRECT ANSWERNonconsensual sex with a spouse, common-law partner, or
other intimate partner
How common is partner sexual assault? - CORRECT ANSWERCommunity-based surveys indicate that of
women who have experienced forced intercourse, more than half were assaulted by an intimate partner
Impact of sexual assault on women psychologically - CORRECT ANSWERAssociated with anxiety,
depression, suicide ideation and attempts, and PTSD
Factors associated with worse psychological outcomes in women who have experienced sexual assault -
CORRECT ANSWERIf the women has experienced sexual violence previously, the severity of the violence,
negative reactions from others when the woman discloses the assault
Damage to women's physical health that may result from sexual assault - CORRECT ANSWERPhysical
injuries (incl. cuts and bruises, vaginal pain and bleeding); irritation or damage to throat from forced
Types of sexual assault in the pre-1983 Criminal Code - CORRECT ANSWER4 sections: rape, attempted
rape, indecent assault against a female, indecent assault against a male
Legal definition of rape before 1983 - CORRECT ANSWERForced heterosexual intercourse by a man with
a woman who was not his wife
Problems with the legal definition of rape before 1983 - CORRECT ANSWER1. Rape was limited to
heterosexual intercourse
2. Women couldn't be charged with rape, and men couldn't be victims of rape
3. Women couldn't legally refuse their husbands' demands
4. Victim's prior sexual activities could be considered as evidence of her consent
5. The legal system had provisions that specifically required corroboration that the crime of rape actually
took place
6. Rape complaints that weren't made immediately after the attack were invalidated
Changes to the Criminal Code in 1983 - CORRECT ANSWEROffences of rape and indecent assault were
replaced by three gender-neutral crimes of sexual assault: sexual assault, sexual assault with a weapon
causing serious injury or endangering the life of the victim or causing bodily harm, and aggravated
sexual assault
Sexual assault - CORRECT ANSWERIncludes a variety of nonconsensual sexual experiences ranging from
unwanted touching to forced oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse and sexual violence causing serious
physical injury or disfigurement to the victim
How does the post-1983 Criminal Code define consent? - CORRECT ANSWERMust be actively
established; silence, inaction, or ambiguous conduct do not count; victim can't be drunk or unconscious;
victim is allowed to change their mind; children under age 16 can never consent to sex with an adult
Rape shield laws - CORRECT ANSWERLimiting the questioning of victims about their sexual history in
sexual assault trials
,Changes in corroboration of victim's testimony for post-1983 sexual assault charges - CORRECT
ANSWERNo longer required
Can the judge still admit a sexual assault complainant's sexual history as evidence? - CORRECT
ANSWERIn some conditions, yes
2009 Canadian General Social Survey - CORRECT ANSWERAsked women and men under age 65 about
their experiences of criminal sexual assault; 3.4% of women and 1.5% of men reported they had
experienced sexual assault in the past 12 months; 87% reported perps were male; 81% of these were
simple sexual assault w/o threats or violence; 1/2 the incidents, the perp was someone the victim knew
Sexual assault stats among Canadian university students - CORRECT ANSWERIn the previous year, 10.7%
had experienced sexual touching w/o their consent, 3.6% nonconsensual attempted penetration, 2%
nonconsensual penetration; between 3-5x as many women as men
How many sexual assaults were reported to the police in Canada in 2015? - CORRECT ANSWER21,362
Changes in rates of reported sexual assault in Canada over time - CORRECT ANSWERHave decreased
consistently since the 90s
What are some of the reasons that women choose not to report their sexual assault to the police? -
CORRECT ANSWERBelieving the police couldn't do anything, wanting to keep the event private, feeling
ashamed or embarrassed, being afraid of not being believed, fearing the perp, not wanting the perp to
be arrested
What is the probability that a sexual assault claim will result in a criminal conviction? - CORRECT
ANSWERExtremely low
Rates of sexual assault against individuals with disabilities - CORRECT ANSWERGreater risk - found more
than 4x as likely in one study
Date rape - CORRECT ANSWERA term used to denote sexual assault by someone who is known to the
victim, even though it doesn't often occur on dates
,What percentage of assaults against women are perpetrated by someone they know? - CORRECT
ANSWERBased on police reports, 75%; likely to underestimate the true rate because many women do
not report, particularly if it involves the acquaintance
Percentage of university women who reported having experienced coerced sexual activity involving
pressure or force in one Ontario study - CORRECT ANSWER48%
Percentage of women who reported experiencing some form of sexual victimization in one Ontario
study - CORRECT ANSWER59%; including 24% who reported forced oral, anal, or vaginal sex
Rates of sexual coercion among middle- and high-schoolers according to a New Brunswick study -
CORRECT ANSWER44% of girls reported a sexually coercive experience; 17% of boys reported having
been sexually abusive. More than half the girls reported being upset by the experience.
Impact of sexual coercion by a dating partner on the victim - CORRECT ANSWERAssociated with
depression, lower self-esteem, and more negative sexual self-perceptions
Two factors that explain why sexually aggressive men may misperceive women's communications -
CORRECT ANSWER1. Men in general tend to misperceive women's warmth and friendliness as indicating
sexual interest
2. Sexually aggressive men are likely to have a "suspicious schema": they generally believe that women
do not communicate honestly, particularly when the women communicates clearly that she is rejecting
an advance
Controversy about the miscommunication hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWERRecent research has
suggested that men usually do understand women's refusals as refusals
3 major types of "date-rape drugs" - CORRECT ANSWERRohypnol, GHB, and ketamine
Nicknames for Rohypnol - CORRECT ANSWERRoofie, roachie, La Rocha, forget pills, pasta, peanuts,
whiteys, ropes
, Rohypnol - CORRECT ANSWERFlunitrazepam; causes drowsiness or sleep; causes memory loss about the
event
Nicknames for GHB - CORRECT ANSWERLiquid G, G, Georgia home boy, easy lay, grievous bodily harm
GHB - CORRECT ANSWERGamma hydroxybutyrate; produces similar effects to alcohol but can cause
hallucinations in larger doses and when mixed with alcohol can lead to a loss of consciousness
Nicknames for ketamine - CORRECT ANSWERK, vitamin K, special K
Ketamine - CORRECT ANSWERCauses a combination of amnesia and hallucinations
Less common date-rape drugs - CORRECT ANSWEREcstasy and Foxy Methoxy
Other substances that have been used for drug-facilitated sexual assault - CORRECT ANSWERAlcohol,
marijuana, and tranquilizers
Partner sexual assault - CORRECT ANSWERNonconsensual sex with a spouse, common-law partner, or
other intimate partner
How common is partner sexual assault? - CORRECT ANSWERCommunity-based surveys indicate that of
women who have experienced forced intercourse, more than half were assaulted by an intimate partner
Impact of sexual assault on women psychologically - CORRECT ANSWERAssociated with anxiety,
depression, suicide ideation and attempts, and PTSD
Factors associated with worse psychological outcomes in women who have experienced sexual assault -
CORRECT ANSWERIf the women has experienced sexual violence previously, the severity of the violence,
negative reactions from others when the woman discloses the assault
Damage to women's physical health that may result from sexual assault - CORRECT ANSWERPhysical
injuries (incl. cuts and bruises, vaginal pain and bleeding); irritation or damage to throat from forced
