CLC EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ACCURTAE
ANSWERS/LATEST VERSION
1. Predominant Breastfeeding: Babies who receive breastmilk and other liquids (e.g. water,
minerals, vitamins, oral meds).
2. Breastfeeding: Baby receives human milk, as well as other foods or fluids, including
formula.
3. Complementary Feeding: Child is between 6-23 months receiving both human milk and solid
or semi solid foods.
4. 3 strategies for increasing BF initiation and duration: Promotion, Protection, Support
5. Promotion: Focuses on advantages of BF on a personal, community, country, or global level.
BF to the community.
6. Protection: Focuses on government, manufacturer, and social responsibility to assure BF
ability to compete with commercial interests.
Includes state, local, an national laws regarding BF.
7. International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Subsitutes: Addresses im- proper marketing
practices by formula companies. It is not currently a law in the US.
8. What does the International Code Prohibit?: Distributing free formula Giving
coupons for formula
9. What did the AAP resolution state in regards to the International Code?: No distributing
formula, discharge bags, industry written handouts.
10. Support: Focuses on interaction of helpers with family, as well as program
development and implementation.
11. 10 steps to successful BF: 1. Written BF policy. Skin to Skin immediately after birth.
2.Train healthcare staff
3. Inform pregnant women about benefits and management of BF
4. Help all mothers initiate BF within 1 hour after birth
5. Show mother's how to BF and maintain lactation
6. Exclusive breast milk only
7. Practice rooming in 24 hours a day
8. Encourage BF on demand
9. No artificial teats or pacifiers
10.Establishment of BF support groups
12. Healthcare staff responsibility for working with lactating mothers include what?: 1.
Training
2. Minimum of 20 hours of training
3. 3 hours of competency verification
13. What are the indications for providing supplementation other than breast milk?: 1. Medica
condition
2. Parents request after being informed of consequences
,14. Protocol for calculating Baby's daily needs: Baby's weight x 2.5 (2.7 or 3.0 if Baby
needs to catch up weight) = daily ounces. PCP decides what the multiplier is!!!
15. What should be assessed 3-5 days after birth by PCP?: Hydration (elimina- tion
patterns)
Body weight (no more than 7% loss)
Observe Feeding
Maternal or infant issues
16. What is a CLC?: Nationally recognized designation awarded by the ALPP.
Practice parameters are designated by professional scope of practice.
17. How many stools per day should a breast fed newborn have?: 4, some yellow
by day 4.
18.When should a baby be back to birth weight?: 12-14 days post birth
19.How much weight should a baby gain daily?: Approximately 1 ounce
20. Why do women supplement with formula when there is no medical need?-
: 1. Lack of preparation for what the newborn period would be like.
2. Lack of timely interventions
21.What period are women more at risk to stop BF?: 3-7 days post D/C.
22.Alveoli: Small glands in the breast that produce milk
23.At-Breast Supplementer: SNS system
24.Atopy: hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition
25. What is the BFHI Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative: Initiative by UNICEF and WHO
(1991) to support breastfeeding in hospitals and maternity centers. "The 10 Steps".
Unicef. Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. Available online: http://www.unicef.org/pro-
gramme/breastfeeding/baby.htm.
26. Bilirubin: an orange-yellow pigment formed in the liver by the breakdown of
hemoglobin and excreted in bile.
27. CCK (cholecystokinin): Hormone that regulates the emptying of the gallblad- der and
secretion of enzymes by the pancreas.
28. Colostrum: thin, milky fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and during the first
days after birth before lactation begins. Causes a laxative effect which helps the baby pass
meconium.
29. Complementary feeding: Process starts when BM alone or infant formula alone is
no longer sufficient to meet nutritional requirements of infants, therefore other foods or liquids
are introduced.
30.Coryllos type: Classification system for anklyloglossia
, 31. Dancer Hand Position: Technique used to support Baby's chin and mother's breast.
Use Thumb and index finger under chin, remaining 3 fingers to support breast.
32. Alveolar Cells: found in the walls of the alveoli, simple squamous epithelial cells, main
sites of gas exchange
33. myoepithelial cells: contract in response to stimulation by sympathetic nervous system
and squeeze milk up the duct
34. Montgomery glands: Bumps on breasts (Look like goosebumps)
Produce a unique blend of milk and sebum (skin oil)
35. Modern study of the structure of the breast reveals what?: -Fat is mixed
throughout the breast
-Uneven spacing of the ducts
-3-5 functioning nipple pores (May have 5-9, but not all work)
-No lactiferous sinus
36. What are the 2 hormones pathways that control lactation?: Prolactin and Oxytocin
37. Prolactin (4 details related to milk production): 1. is triggered by touch (pregnant and
non pregnant women). Higher levels when stimulating breast/nipples vs breast alone.
2. Lengthening time between feeding leads to lower baseline levels. (Weaning)
3. levels go down between nursings and rise during nursing.
4. Infrequent nursing leads to lowering of this hormone
38.Average number of feeds in a day?: 8-12
39.What produces colostrum?: Progesterone in the receptor sites
40.What produces more mature milk?: Prolactin in the receptor sites
41. What happened when infants suckled in the first 2 hours of birth?: Ingested
significantly more milk on day 4
42. What happened to mother of preemies who initiated milk expression within 1 hour
of birth?: Had significantly more milk when measured on days 7 and 42. Better to stimulate breasts
throughout the day right after birth to continue to stimulate production.
43. Oxytocin: A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine
contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
44.What 3 things can trigger Oxytocin?: 1. Conditioned response
2. Nipple stretching
3. Hand massage
45. Conditioned Response from Milk Ejection (Let down): -Example- Mother lets down
when not near baby, but hears a baby cry.
-Conditioned over time
ANSWERS/LATEST VERSION
1. Predominant Breastfeeding: Babies who receive breastmilk and other liquids (e.g. water,
minerals, vitamins, oral meds).
2. Breastfeeding: Baby receives human milk, as well as other foods or fluids, including
formula.
3. Complementary Feeding: Child is between 6-23 months receiving both human milk and solid
or semi solid foods.
4. 3 strategies for increasing BF initiation and duration: Promotion, Protection, Support
5. Promotion: Focuses on advantages of BF on a personal, community, country, or global level.
BF to the community.
6. Protection: Focuses on government, manufacturer, and social responsibility to assure BF
ability to compete with commercial interests.
Includes state, local, an national laws regarding BF.
7. International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Subsitutes: Addresses im- proper marketing
practices by formula companies. It is not currently a law in the US.
8. What does the International Code Prohibit?: Distributing free formula Giving
coupons for formula
9. What did the AAP resolution state in regards to the International Code?: No distributing
formula, discharge bags, industry written handouts.
10. Support: Focuses on interaction of helpers with family, as well as program
development and implementation.
11. 10 steps to successful BF: 1. Written BF policy. Skin to Skin immediately after birth.
2.Train healthcare staff
3. Inform pregnant women about benefits and management of BF
4. Help all mothers initiate BF within 1 hour after birth
5. Show mother's how to BF and maintain lactation
6. Exclusive breast milk only
7. Practice rooming in 24 hours a day
8. Encourage BF on demand
9. No artificial teats or pacifiers
10.Establishment of BF support groups
12. Healthcare staff responsibility for working with lactating mothers include what?: 1.
Training
2. Minimum of 20 hours of training
3. 3 hours of competency verification
13. What are the indications for providing supplementation other than breast milk?: 1. Medica
condition
2. Parents request after being informed of consequences
,14. Protocol for calculating Baby's daily needs: Baby's weight x 2.5 (2.7 or 3.0 if Baby
needs to catch up weight) = daily ounces. PCP decides what the multiplier is!!!
15. What should be assessed 3-5 days after birth by PCP?: Hydration (elimina- tion
patterns)
Body weight (no more than 7% loss)
Observe Feeding
Maternal or infant issues
16. What is a CLC?: Nationally recognized designation awarded by the ALPP.
Practice parameters are designated by professional scope of practice.
17. How many stools per day should a breast fed newborn have?: 4, some yellow
by day 4.
18.When should a baby be back to birth weight?: 12-14 days post birth
19.How much weight should a baby gain daily?: Approximately 1 ounce
20. Why do women supplement with formula when there is no medical need?-
: 1. Lack of preparation for what the newborn period would be like.
2. Lack of timely interventions
21.What period are women more at risk to stop BF?: 3-7 days post D/C.
22.Alveoli: Small glands in the breast that produce milk
23.At-Breast Supplementer: SNS system
24.Atopy: hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition
25. What is the BFHI Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative: Initiative by UNICEF and WHO
(1991) to support breastfeeding in hospitals and maternity centers. "The 10 Steps".
Unicef. Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. Available online: http://www.unicef.org/pro-
gramme/breastfeeding/baby.htm.
26. Bilirubin: an orange-yellow pigment formed in the liver by the breakdown of
hemoglobin and excreted in bile.
27. CCK (cholecystokinin): Hormone that regulates the emptying of the gallblad- der and
secretion of enzymes by the pancreas.
28. Colostrum: thin, milky fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and during the first
days after birth before lactation begins. Causes a laxative effect which helps the baby pass
meconium.
29. Complementary feeding: Process starts when BM alone or infant formula alone is
no longer sufficient to meet nutritional requirements of infants, therefore other foods or liquids
are introduced.
30.Coryllos type: Classification system for anklyloglossia
, 31. Dancer Hand Position: Technique used to support Baby's chin and mother's breast.
Use Thumb and index finger under chin, remaining 3 fingers to support breast.
32. Alveolar Cells: found in the walls of the alveoli, simple squamous epithelial cells, main
sites of gas exchange
33. myoepithelial cells: contract in response to stimulation by sympathetic nervous system
and squeeze milk up the duct
34. Montgomery glands: Bumps on breasts (Look like goosebumps)
Produce a unique blend of milk and sebum (skin oil)
35. Modern study of the structure of the breast reveals what?: -Fat is mixed
throughout the breast
-Uneven spacing of the ducts
-3-5 functioning nipple pores (May have 5-9, but not all work)
-No lactiferous sinus
36. What are the 2 hormones pathways that control lactation?: Prolactin and Oxytocin
37. Prolactin (4 details related to milk production): 1. is triggered by touch (pregnant and
non pregnant women). Higher levels when stimulating breast/nipples vs breast alone.
2. Lengthening time between feeding leads to lower baseline levels. (Weaning)
3. levels go down between nursings and rise during nursing.
4. Infrequent nursing leads to lowering of this hormone
38.Average number of feeds in a day?: 8-12
39.What produces colostrum?: Progesterone in the receptor sites
40.What produces more mature milk?: Prolactin in the receptor sites
41. What happened when infants suckled in the first 2 hours of birth?: Ingested
significantly more milk on day 4
42. What happened to mother of preemies who initiated milk expression within 1 hour
of birth?: Had significantly more milk when measured on days 7 and 42. Better to stimulate breasts
throughout the day right after birth to continue to stimulate production.
43. Oxytocin: A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine
contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
44.What 3 things can trigger Oxytocin?: 1. Conditioned response
2. Nipple stretching
3. Hand massage
45. Conditioned Response from Milk Ejection (Let down): -Example- Mother lets down
when not near baby, but hears a baby cry.
-Conditioned over time
