NM 703 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
How does the prevalence of diabetes among women and men compare?
sightly more common in men than women. Incidence increases with age, higher in asian
americans, hispanics, and blacks.
Type 1 DM
-Caused by the autoimmune destruction of the beta cells within the islets of Langerhans
in the pancreas. Causes lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin. Surgical removal of
pancreas also causes type 1 dm.
-presents with brief period of profound symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia,
weight loss, blurred vision, and fatigue. Later nausea, vomiting, abd pain, rapid shallow
breathing, hypotension and dehydration.
Type 2 DM
Hallmarks are insulin resistance and impaired beta cell function. As hyperglycemia
increases, so does insulin resistance. No symptoms or subtle symptoms that have
presented for a long time. polydipsia, polyuria, blurred vision, fatigue, slowly healing
wounds, frequent infections.
Review the content on diabetes screening, diabetes testing, and diabetes
pathophysiology.
In a pt exhibiting significant symptoms of DM, random BS greater than 200 is diagnostic
for DM.
, List the diagnostic criteria for diabetes: differentiate via labs what is normal, what
is pre-diabetes (insulin resistant) and what is diabetes.
Normal: Fasting Plasma Glucose under 100. Oral glucose tolerance Test: under 140.
HbA1C: under 5.7%
Pre-Diabetes: Fasting Plasma Glucose: 100-125. Oral glucose tolerance Test: 140-199.
HbA1C: 5.7%-6.4%
Diabetes: Fasting Plasma Glucose: over 126. Oral glucose tolerance Test: over 200.
HbA1C: over 6.5%
Metformin
Suppression of hepatic glucose production, which typically resulting in a lower fasting
glucose level. Approx 1.5% reduction. May promote weight loss. Must be held before IV
contrast and for 48 hours afterward.
Identify indications for pharmacologic therapy for a woman with type 2 diabetes.
Step 1: nutrition, exercise, weight loss
Step 2: Metformine + Sulfonylurea (Glyburide), or Basal insulin, or Thiazolidinedione
(Actos)
Step 3: Metformin + increase basal insulin, or combine all three
Step 4: Metformin + increase insulin regime
Review the content on screening for thyroid disorders, thyroid testing and thyroid
medications.
thyroid scans, ultrasound,
Differentiate the disease entities that can cause hyperthyroidism and identify the
appropriate management for each etiology.
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
How does the prevalence of diabetes among women and men compare?
sightly more common in men than women. Incidence increases with age, higher in asian
americans, hispanics, and blacks.
Type 1 DM
-Caused by the autoimmune destruction of the beta cells within the islets of Langerhans
in the pancreas. Causes lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin. Surgical removal of
pancreas also causes type 1 dm.
-presents with brief period of profound symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia,
weight loss, blurred vision, and fatigue. Later nausea, vomiting, abd pain, rapid shallow
breathing, hypotension and dehydration.
Type 2 DM
Hallmarks are insulin resistance and impaired beta cell function. As hyperglycemia
increases, so does insulin resistance. No symptoms or subtle symptoms that have
presented for a long time. polydipsia, polyuria, blurred vision, fatigue, slowly healing
wounds, frequent infections.
Review the content on diabetes screening, diabetes testing, and diabetes
pathophysiology.
In a pt exhibiting significant symptoms of DM, random BS greater than 200 is diagnostic
for DM.
, List the diagnostic criteria for diabetes: differentiate via labs what is normal, what
is pre-diabetes (insulin resistant) and what is diabetes.
Normal: Fasting Plasma Glucose under 100. Oral glucose tolerance Test: under 140.
HbA1C: under 5.7%
Pre-Diabetes: Fasting Plasma Glucose: 100-125. Oral glucose tolerance Test: 140-199.
HbA1C: 5.7%-6.4%
Diabetes: Fasting Plasma Glucose: over 126. Oral glucose tolerance Test: over 200.
HbA1C: over 6.5%
Metformin
Suppression of hepatic glucose production, which typically resulting in a lower fasting
glucose level. Approx 1.5% reduction. May promote weight loss. Must be held before IV
contrast and for 48 hours afterward.
Identify indications for pharmacologic therapy for a woman with type 2 diabetes.
Step 1: nutrition, exercise, weight loss
Step 2: Metformine + Sulfonylurea (Glyburide), or Basal insulin, or Thiazolidinedione
(Actos)
Step 3: Metformin + increase basal insulin, or combine all three
Step 4: Metformin + increase insulin regime
Review the content on screening for thyroid disorders, thyroid testing and thyroid
medications.
thyroid scans, ultrasound,
Differentiate the disease entities that can cause hyperthyroidism and identify the
appropriate management for each etiology.
