NU 250 MENTAL HEALTH FINAL EXAM WITH 90
QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS
What organizational structure organizes diagnosis for psychiatric disorders on a
developmental hierarchy? - ANSWER-The DSM-5
What are the five axis for the DSM IV? - ANSWER-Axis 1- psychiatric diagnoses,
Axis II- personality disorder,
Axis III- general medical conditions,
Axis IV- environmental stressors,
Axis 5- global functioning from 0-100
What is the leading cause of disability in the United States and established
economies worldwide? - ANSWER-Major depressive disorder: Nearly twice as
many women (6.5%) as men(3.3%) suffer from major depressive disorder every
year.
What is the underlying etiology of schizophrenia? - ANSWER-The scientific
consensus is it schizophrenia occurs with multiple inherited gene abnormalities
combined with non genetic factors (e.g. viral infections, birth injuries,
environmental stressors, prenatal malnutrition), altering the structures of the brain,
affecting the brains neurotransmitter systems, and/or injuring the brain directly.
,Sigmund Freud described the personality structure in three distinct parts of a whole
interactive system, what are they? - ANSWER-The Id, ego, and superego
In a mature and well adjusted individual, the three systems of the personality work
together as a team under the administrative leadership of the ego. If the id is to
powerful, the person will lack control over impulses; if the superego is too
powerful, the person may be self critical and suffer from feelings of inferiority.
Briefly describe the Id - ANSWER-The Id is the source of all drives, instincts,
reflexes, needs, genetic inheritance, and capacity to respond, as well as all the
wishes that motivate us. At birth we all Id. The Id cannot tolerate frustration and
seeks to discharge tension and return to a more comfortable level of energy, it
lacks the ability to problem solve it is not logical and operates according according
to the pleasure principle.
Briefly describe the ego - ANSWER-Within the first few years of life is the child
begins to interact with others, the ego develops. The ego is a problem solver and
reality tester. It is able to differentiate subjective experiences, memory images, and
objective reality and attempts to negotiate with the outside world. The ego follows
the reality principle, which says to the the Id, "you have to delay gratification for
right now", and then sets a course of action.
Briefly describe the superego. - ANSWER-The superego is the last portion of the
personality to develop. It represents the moral component of personality. The
superego consists of the conscious all the should not internalized from parents and
the ego ideal all the should internalized from parents. the superego represents the
ideal rather than the real it seeks perfection, as opposed to seeking pleasure or
engaging reason.
How would you know that your patient has successfully exceeded the level of
infancy? - ANSWER-According to Erikson, the patient will be able to successfully
resolve the crisis of trust vs mistrust.
, According to Freud the patient will have a mastery of gratification of oral needs.
Will begin ego development. The outcome includes development of trust in the
environment, with the realization that needs can be met.
With the knowledge you have acquired of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs,
how does this affect your care planning? - ANSWER-It is important to understand
that physiological needs must be met before the patient can progress to safety
needs, love and belonging needs, esteem, self-actualization, and self
transcendence.
Who developed the first systematic theoretical framework for psychiatric nursing
in her ground breaking book interpersonal relations in nursing? - ANSWER-
Hildegard Peplau
What are Hildegard Peplau main contributions through the theory of interpersonal
relationships in nursing? - ANSWER-1. Engineered a major paradigm shift from
focus on medical treatments to an interpersonal relation all model of nursing
practice.
2. Her theory is mainly concerned with the process by which the nurse helps
patients make positive changes in their health care status and well-being.
3. The skills of the psychiatric nurses include observation, interpretation, and
intervention.
4. She promoted interventions to lower anxiety, with the aim of improving patients
abilities to think in function and more satisfactory levels.
What is cognitive behavioral therapy and when is it used? - ANSWER-Cognitive
behavioral therapy is an active, directive, time-limited, structured approach used to
treat a variety of psychiatric disorders. it's based on the underlying theory that
feelings and behaviors are largely determined by the way people think about the
world and their place in it. Their cognitions are based on attitudes or assumptions
QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS
What organizational structure organizes diagnosis for psychiatric disorders on a
developmental hierarchy? - ANSWER-The DSM-5
What are the five axis for the DSM IV? - ANSWER-Axis 1- psychiatric diagnoses,
Axis II- personality disorder,
Axis III- general medical conditions,
Axis IV- environmental stressors,
Axis 5- global functioning from 0-100
What is the leading cause of disability in the United States and established
economies worldwide? - ANSWER-Major depressive disorder: Nearly twice as
many women (6.5%) as men(3.3%) suffer from major depressive disorder every
year.
What is the underlying etiology of schizophrenia? - ANSWER-The scientific
consensus is it schizophrenia occurs with multiple inherited gene abnormalities
combined with non genetic factors (e.g. viral infections, birth injuries,
environmental stressors, prenatal malnutrition), altering the structures of the brain,
affecting the brains neurotransmitter systems, and/or injuring the brain directly.
,Sigmund Freud described the personality structure in three distinct parts of a whole
interactive system, what are they? - ANSWER-The Id, ego, and superego
In a mature and well adjusted individual, the three systems of the personality work
together as a team under the administrative leadership of the ego. If the id is to
powerful, the person will lack control over impulses; if the superego is too
powerful, the person may be self critical and suffer from feelings of inferiority.
Briefly describe the Id - ANSWER-The Id is the source of all drives, instincts,
reflexes, needs, genetic inheritance, and capacity to respond, as well as all the
wishes that motivate us. At birth we all Id. The Id cannot tolerate frustration and
seeks to discharge tension and return to a more comfortable level of energy, it
lacks the ability to problem solve it is not logical and operates according according
to the pleasure principle.
Briefly describe the ego - ANSWER-Within the first few years of life is the child
begins to interact with others, the ego develops. The ego is a problem solver and
reality tester. It is able to differentiate subjective experiences, memory images, and
objective reality and attempts to negotiate with the outside world. The ego follows
the reality principle, which says to the the Id, "you have to delay gratification for
right now", and then sets a course of action.
Briefly describe the superego. - ANSWER-The superego is the last portion of the
personality to develop. It represents the moral component of personality. The
superego consists of the conscious all the should not internalized from parents and
the ego ideal all the should internalized from parents. the superego represents the
ideal rather than the real it seeks perfection, as opposed to seeking pleasure or
engaging reason.
How would you know that your patient has successfully exceeded the level of
infancy? - ANSWER-According to Erikson, the patient will be able to successfully
resolve the crisis of trust vs mistrust.
, According to Freud the patient will have a mastery of gratification of oral needs.
Will begin ego development. The outcome includes development of trust in the
environment, with the realization that needs can be met.
With the knowledge you have acquired of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs,
how does this affect your care planning? - ANSWER-It is important to understand
that physiological needs must be met before the patient can progress to safety
needs, love and belonging needs, esteem, self-actualization, and self
transcendence.
Who developed the first systematic theoretical framework for psychiatric nursing
in her ground breaking book interpersonal relations in nursing? - ANSWER-
Hildegard Peplau
What are Hildegard Peplau main contributions through the theory of interpersonal
relationships in nursing? - ANSWER-1. Engineered a major paradigm shift from
focus on medical treatments to an interpersonal relation all model of nursing
practice.
2. Her theory is mainly concerned with the process by which the nurse helps
patients make positive changes in their health care status and well-being.
3. The skills of the psychiatric nurses include observation, interpretation, and
intervention.
4. She promoted interventions to lower anxiety, with the aim of improving patients
abilities to think in function and more satisfactory levels.
What is cognitive behavioral therapy and when is it used? - ANSWER-Cognitive
behavioral therapy is an active, directive, time-limited, structured approach used to
treat a variety of psychiatric disorders. it's based on the underlying theory that
feelings and behaviors are largely determined by the way people think about the
world and their place in it. Their cognitions are based on attitudes or assumptions
