TEST BANK
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN
8th Edition
Kathryn L. McCance, Sue E. Huether
,
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 4
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
Cells can produce proteins.
Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
Cells can take in and use nutrients.
Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Where is most of a cell s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Nucleolus
Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most
of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
Ribosomes chief function is to pro ide sites for cellular protein s nthesis. L sosomes function
as the intracellular digestive system.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Ribosomes
Endosome
ANS: B
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 5
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is
a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids,
nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the
cellular membrane.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
Ribosome
Golgi complex
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
The Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located
near the cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone
production and removing toxic substances from the cell.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
Increased heart rate and force of contraction
Secretion of cortisol
Increased retention of water
Breakdown of fat
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes
increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH.
Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
G1
S
G2
M
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN
8th Edition
Kathryn L. McCance, Sue E. Huether
,
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 4
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
Cells can produce proteins.
Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
Cells can take in and use nutrients.
Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Where is most of a cell s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Nucleolus
Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most
of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
Ribosomes chief function is to pro ide sites for cellular protein s nthesis. L sosomes function
as the intracellular digestive system.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Ribosomes
Endosome
ANS: B
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 5
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is
a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids,
nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the
cellular membrane.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
Ribosome
Golgi complex
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
The Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located
near the cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone
production and removing toxic substances from the cell.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
Increased heart rate and force of contraction
Secretion of cortisol
Increased retention of water
Breakdown of fat
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes
increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH.
Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
G1
S
G2
M
