NR 567 ADVANCED PHARM FINAL EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 80
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and
excreted.
Pharmacokinetics
The study of what the drug does to the body Pharmacodynamics
Rate of dissolution
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution
Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic chemical compounds; medications are a
common example
Xenobiotics
xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the production of cholesterol and steroids and
the detoxification of chemicals and drug metabolism.
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450
-Drug becomes completely inactive
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
1
,NR 567 ADVANCED PHARM FINAL EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 80
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active
Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism.
Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's metabolism by elevating CYP450
enzyme activity via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the "parent
drug"
CYP450 Inducers
CRAPGPS
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas CYP450 Inducer Medications
Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher
risk for toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of the "parent drug".
CYP450 Inhibitors
VISACKGQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due to medication-disease or
medication-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired kidney function in
older adults
2
, NR 567 ADVANCED PHARM FINAL EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 80
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
Beers Criteria
when one medication systemically alters the potency of another medication.
Pharmacokinetic Interactions
result of a change due to one medication's effect on another medication's route of entry into the
body.
Absorption Interaction
caused by the amount of unbound/free medications available at the various target sites.
Distribution Interaction
concentration of the medication after biotransformation into active and inactive metabolites in
higher or lower than expected.
Metabolism Interaction
the body's ability to eliminate medications in pure form or by altering a metabolite from the
body.
Elimination Interaction
does not alter or impact absorption, distribution, metabolism, or elimination because of the one
medication's ability to manipulate the effect of another medication at its site of action
Pharmacodynamic Interactions
refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without physician oversight
Practice Authority
refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to prescribe medications.
prescriptive authority
Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to evaluate patients, diagnose, order and interpret tests,
initiate and manage treatments and prescribe medications, including controlled substances
without physician oversight.
Full-practice scope
3
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and
excreted.
Pharmacokinetics
The study of what the drug does to the body Pharmacodynamics
Rate of dissolution
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution
Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic chemical compounds; medications are a
common example
Xenobiotics
xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the production of cholesterol and steroids and
the detoxification of chemicals and drug metabolism.
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450
-Drug becomes completely inactive
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
1
,NR 567 ADVANCED PHARM FINAL EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 80
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active
Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism.
Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's metabolism by elevating CYP450
enzyme activity via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the "parent
drug"
CYP450 Inducers
CRAPGPS
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas CYP450 Inducer Medications
Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher
risk for toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of the "parent drug".
CYP450 Inhibitors
VISACKGQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due to medication-disease or
medication-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired kidney function in
older adults
2
, NR 567 ADVANCED PHARM FINAL EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 80
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
Beers Criteria
when one medication systemically alters the potency of another medication.
Pharmacokinetic Interactions
result of a change due to one medication's effect on another medication's route of entry into the
body.
Absorption Interaction
caused by the amount of unbound/free medications available at the various target sites.
Distribution Interaction
concentration of the medication after biotransformation into active and inactive metabolites in
higher or lower than expected.
Metabolism Interaction
the body's ability to eliminate medications in pure form or by altering a metabolite from the
body.
Elimination Interaction
does not alter or impact absorption, distribution, metabolism, or elimination because of the one
medication's ability to manipulate the effect of another medication at its site of action
Pharmacodynamic Interactions
refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without physician oversight
Practice Authority
refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to prescribe medications.
prescriptive authority
Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to evaluate patients, diagnose, order and interpret tests,
initiate and manage treatments and prescribe medications, including controlled substances
without physician oversight.
Full-practice scope
3
