CEP final exam - CVD Certification Revised Questions And Answers Verified Solutions.

The goal of CEPA is to provide support to the clinical exercise physiologist and advance scientific and practical application - correct answer True. One of the founding fathers of exercise physiology was: - correct answer Astrand All of the following are considered modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors except: - correct answer Family history and sex. Participating in activities or behaviors that do not meet required MET levels for health benefits is called: - correct answer Sedentary Time With regards to cardiovascular disease risk factors, the inclusion criteria for diabetes is FPG 126 mg/dl, or 2 hour plasma glucose value in oral glucose tolerance test 200 mg/dl, or Hemoglobin A1C 6.5 - correct answer True The definition of "current participation of exercise" or "regular exercise" includes planned, structured physical activity for: - correct answer Minimal 30 minutes/day, 3x/wk, for 3 months. A 65-year man with significant history positive for obesity, hyperlipidemia, acute MI sees you for screening prior to participating in exercise. From your conversation, he states that he previously led a sedentary lifestyle but would like to start exercising at the gym. Based on this short health history what level of exercise can he begin to participate in and progress to? - correct answer Light-Moderate; progress as tolerated. Sedentary behavior is characterized to be below the following MET level: - correct answer 1.5 Inflammatory progression of a plaque may lead to weakening of the fibrous cap. The matrix is digested and smooth muscle cells are damaged beyond repair. If the plaque ruptures foam cells may display a potent clotting promoter which may interact with clotting factors in blood ultimately causing a - correct answer thrombus. The secondary immune response causes the release of cytokines that amplify the inflammatory activities in the artery walls. Which cells release these cytokines?: - correct answer T-lymphocytes Monocytes within the intima begin to multiply and mature becoming these BAD*** cells to defend the vessel walls against the oxidized LDL enemies: - correct answer Macrophages. is generated when a plaque progresses and the smooth muscle of the vessel migrates to the top of the intima and becomes rigid and fibrous. - correct answer Fibrous Cap Which chronic disease has a higher likelihood to increase the glycation process and ultimately the inflammatory properties of LDL: - correct answer Diabetes Mellitus. Which type of plaque is more likely to rupture?: - correct answer Unstable soft plaque of 40-50% development. As foam cells continue to develop and accumulate, additional growth factors from smooth muscle cells develop a _____ that forms a plaque. - correct answer Fibrous cap High BP, stress hormones, smoking, high levels of glucose and fat are all preliminary factors that contribute to early stages of _____ and lead to the progression of atherosclerosis. - correct answer Endothelial injury These cells are capable of holding large amounts of lipids: - correct answer Foam cells. Atherosclerotic plaque are more susceptible to endothelial damage compared to non-atherosclerotic smooth muscle: - correct answer True. The causes of essential hypertensive work ________ to raise blood pressure. - correct answer independently or synergistically Systolic blood pressure is classified as elevated if: - correct answer 120-129. Which of the following is considered to be a frequent cause of essential hypertension: - correct answer insulin resistance. Which risk factor is characterized by the anatomical and physiological changes in vasculature: - correct answer aging An individual is classified to have hypertension if they take an antihypertensive medication: - correct answer true Which of the following is not a characteristic symptom of congestive heart failure? - correct answer increased ejection fraction. Aldosterone is released from the ______ in response to angiotensin II which was converted from angiotensin I. - correct answer adrenal cortex HFrEF is classified as: - correct answer Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Physical examination of an individual with heart failure consists of all of the following except: - correct answer height For participation in cardiac rehabilitation heart failure is classified as EF: - correct answer : 35% (less than or equal to 35) Decreased myocyte contraction leads to _______ This then leads to increased sympathetic stimulation which promotes the release of renin from the kidneys. The RAAS system stimulates the reabsorption of fluid and vasoconstriction. - correct answer reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP) Heart failure is classified as a: - correct answer progressive disease. Valvular heart disease, alcohol abuse, and orthostatic hypotension are additional risk factors for heart failure: - correct answer false The number one priority for a patient with heart failure is self care: - correct answer true