cogsci 180 midterm questions well
answered to pass
Questions About Identity Begin:
________:
- Social mobility became possible
- The new manufacturing age also needed to draw on diverse individual talents
➜ Individuals were no longer defined by a particular fixed role in society, so notion of a personal identity
became more prominent - correct answer ✔✔Industrial Revolution
Disturbances in the subjective experience of oneself or one's body:
- _______: where one believes that one is dead or non-existent or various body parts or organs are
missing or putrefying
- _______: where one feels that some part of their body, usually a limb, is not their own, leading to
attempts to sever the body part - correct answer ✔✔Cotard's delusion, Body Integrity Identity Disorder
(BIID)
Disruption in the narrative self: the story that we tell ourselves and others about who we are, the
continuum of our experience through time
- ______, which seems to involve a selective impairment in the ability to ____ information about the self,
e.g., difficulty judging one's own traits, as opposed to someone else's
- ______: in which severe memory impairment causes a loss of significant parts of one's "story" - correct
answer ✔✔Alzheimer's disease, update, (Retrograde and anterograde) amnesia
Disruption in the agentive self: one's sense of agency, that is, that you are actually controlling the actions
you perform
- ______ - correct answer ✔✔Schizophrenia
,Dissociation from the self
- _____: characterized by feelings of detachment or disconnection from one's body
- ______
- ______ - correct answer ✔✔Depersonalization disorder, Dissociative identity disorder, Autism
spectrum disorder
Disruption in the sense of being grounded in one's body
- ______
- ______: in which people perceive and interact with a duplicate of their own body - correct answer
✔✔Out-of-body experiences, Doppelgänger effect
letting go of the self requires that one first develops ____ and reasonably strong _____ - correct answer
✔✔self-acceptance, self-esteem
_____: a feeling of coherence in my body, my perceptions - correct answer ✔✔synchronic unity
_____: when I recall something, it is my memory - I cannot recollect your memories and you cannot
recall mine - correct answer ✔✔diachronic unity
Early Philosophers' Views of the Self:
- interested in questions like
_____
_____
- their concern was with thinking about what is the _____ and how to merge with that
- no real distinction between philosophy and religion - correct answer ✔✔How does one lead a good
life?, How does one find meaning in life?, real self
,_____'s Dualistic View:
- there is the ordinary dusty world (grasped by _____), and then there is the higher realm of ideal
perfection--what he called _____ (grasped by _____)
- exemplified by ____, _____, ____, _____(deeply meaningful happiness)
- things in physical world are __________________
- the intellect must be _____ because Forms are ___ and the intellect must have an affinity with the
Forms it apprehends (otherwise we wouldn't be able to conceptualize them)
- emphasis: to merge with the world of ____ to which the real self belongs
- focusing on ideal version helps us define what is ____ - correct answer ✔✔- Plato
- senses, the Forms, pure reason
- truth, beauty, moral goodness, eudaimonia
- flawed reflections of ideal forms
- immaterial, immaterial
- the Forms
- wrong
The Mind-Body Problem
- ____ properties: public; they are, in principle, equally observable by anyone
- Mental properties: (e.g. conscious mental events): _____ to the subject, who has a privileged access to
them of a kind no one else has - correct answer ✔✔Physical, private
Viewpoints in Western Philosophy Overview:
Monism:
- _____
- _____
- _____
Dualism - correct answer ✔✔materialism, idealism, transcendental idealism
, ______: everything that exists--including mind--is physical
- Despite appearances to the contrary, mental states are just ____ states
- In some fundamental sense, the mind just is ____
- Aristotle: The brain is like a lump of clay; the different thoughts the mind can take on when it
undergoes different patterns of activity are like the shapes the clay can assume
- Most cognitive scientists today hold this view
- Examples of materialism: ___, ____, ____, ______ - correct answer ✔✔- materialism
- physical
- the brain (so that everything that happens in the mind is happening in the brain)
- Behaviorism, mind-brain identity theory, functionalism, computational theory of mind
most cognitive scientists today believe in _____ - correct answer ✔✔materialism
_____: everything-including the material world-is actually mind
- One of most famous idealistic philosophers was _____
- His position was that everything you can know for sure is actually mental
- Everything else is colored by ____
- Ex: ______ - correct answer ✔✔- Idealism
- George Berkeley
- perception
- How would you know if what you perceive as blue is what other people perceive as red?
: subtype of idealism that integrates idealism with _____, which emphasizes the importance of ____
experience
- _____was a transcendental idealist
- Wanted to find a more balanced position that synthesized empiricism, rationalism, and idealism
answered to pass
Questions About Identity Begin:
________:
- Social mobility became possible
- The new manufacturing age also needed to draw on diverse individual talents
➜ Individuals were no longer defined by a particular fixed role in society, so notion of a personal identity
became more prominent - correct answer ✔✔Industrial Revolution
Disturbances in the subjective experience of oneself or one's body:
- _______: where one believes that one is dead or non-existent or various body parts or organs are
missing or putrefying
- _______: where one feels that some part of their body, usually a limb, is not their own, leading to
attempts to sever the body part - correct answer ✔✔Cotard's delusion, Body Integrity Identity Disorder
(BIID)
Disruption in the narrative self: the story that we tell ourselves and others about who we are, the
continuum of our experience through time
- ______, which seems to involve a selective impairment in the ability to ____ information about the self,
e.g., difficulty judging one's own traits, as opposed to someone else's
- ______: in which severe memory impairment causes a loss of significant parts of one's "story" - correct
answer ✔✔Alzheimer's disease, update, (Retrograde and anterograde) amnesia
Disruption in the agentive self: one's sense of agency, that is, that you are actually controlling the actions
you perform
- ______ - correct answer ✔✔Schizophrenia
,Dissociation from the self
- _____: characterized by feelings of detachment or disconnection from one's body
- ______
- ______ - correct answer ✔✔Depersonalization disorder, Dissociative identity disorder, Autism
spectrum disorder
Disruption in the sense of being grounded in one's body
- ______
- ______: in which people perceive and interact with a duplicate of their own body - correct answer
✔✔Out-of-body experiences, Doppelgänger effect
letting go of the self requires that one first develops ____ and reasonably strong _____ - correct answer
✔✔self-acceptance, self-esteem
_____: a feeling of coherence in my body, my perceptions - correct answer ✔✔synchronic unity
_____: when I recall something, it is my memory - I cannot recollect your memories and you cannot
recall mine - correct answer ✔✔diachronic unity
Early Philosophers' Views of the Self:
- interested in questions like
_____
_____
- their concern was with thinking about what is the _____ and how to merge with that
- no real distinction between philosophy and religion - correct answer ✔✔How does one lead a good
life?, How does one find meaning in life?, real self
,_____'s Dualistic View:
- there is the ordinary dusty world (grasped by _____), and then there is the higher realm of ideal
perfection--what he called _____ (grasped by _____)
- exemplified by ____, _____, ____, _____(deeply meaningful happiness)
- things in physical world are __________________
- the intellect must be _____ because Forms are ___ and the intellect must have an affinity with the
Forms it apprehends (otherwise we wouldn't be able to conceptualize them)
- emphasis: to merge with the world of ____ to which the real self belongs
- focusing on ideal version helps us define what is ____ - correct answer ✔✔- Plato
- senses, the Forms, pure reason
- truth, beauty, moral goodness, eudaimonia
- flawed reflections of ideal forms
- immaterial, immaterial
- the Forms
- wrong
The Mind-Body Problem
- ____ properties: public; they are, in principle, equally observable by anyone
- Mental properties: (e.g. conscious mental events): _____ to the subject, who has a privileged access to
them of a kind no one else has - correct answer ✔✔Physical, private
Viewpoints in Western Philosophy Overview:
Monism:
- _____
- _____
- _____
Dualism - correct answer ✔✔materialism, idealism, transcendental idealism
, ______: everything that exists--including mind--is physical
- Despite appearances to the contrary, mental states are just ____ states
- In some fundamental sense, the mind just is ____
- Aristotle: The brain is like a lump of clay; the different thoughts the mind can take on when it
undergoes different patterns of activity are like the shapes the clay can assume
- Most cognitive scientists today hold this view
- Examples of materialism: ___, ____, ____, ______ - correct answer ✔✔- materialism
- physical
- the brain (so that everything that happens in the mind is happening in the brain)
- Behaviorism, mind-brain identity theory, functionalism, computational theory of mind
most cognitive scientists today believe in _____ - correct answer ✔✔materialism
_____: everything-including the material world-is actually mind
- One of most famous idealistic philosophers was _____
- His position was that everything you can know for sure is actually mental
- Everything else is colored by ____
- Ex: ______ - correct answer ✔✔- Idealism
- George Berkeley
- perception
- How would you know if what you perceive as blue is what other people perceive as red?
: subtype of idealism that integrates idealism with _____, which emphasizes the importance of ____
experience
- _____was a transcendental idealist
- Wanted to find a more balanced position that synthesized empiricism, rationalism, and idealism
