BIOMG 3300 - Unit 7 Questions Solved
100% Correct
RNA editing
processes that add or delete bases in the coding regions of primary transcripts or that change
the sequence (e.g. spontaneous deamination)
when does RNA editing occur?
post-transcription (on mature mRNA)
when does splicing occur?
post-transcription (on primary mRNA)
what is the difference between splicing and RNA editing?
splicing is the removal of whole segments of nucleotides (introns), while RNA editing is
the removal, addition, or change of individual bases
where is DNA located in eukaryotes?
nucleus (generally)
where does protein synthesis occur in eukaryotes?
ribosomes (in the cytoplasm)
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
a class of RNA molecules serving as components of ribosomes
mRNA (messenger RNA)
a class of RNA molecules, each of which is complementary to one strand of DNA; carries the
genetic message from the chromosome to the ribosomes
tRNA (transfer RNA)
a class of RNA molecules, each of which combines covalently with a specific amino acid as the
first step in protein synthesis.
what is the difference between the pentose rings of DNA and RNA
DNA has a deoxyribose (-H at the 2' carbon)
RNA has a ribose (-OH at the 2' carbon)
which nitrogen bases are found in DNA?
,A, T, G, and C
which nitrogen bases are found in RNA?
A, U, G, and C
monocistronic mRNA
an mRNA that can be translated into only one protein
polycistronic mRNA
an mRNA with more than two genes that can be translated into proteins
is eukaryotic mRNA monocistronic or polycistronic?
monocistronic
is prokaryotic mRNA monocistronic or polycistronic?
polycistronic
cistron
a gene
is DNA usually double or single stranded?
double
is RNA usually double or single stranded?
single
does single stranded RNA have any double stranded regions?
yes. complementary sequences in two single strands of RNA (or within a single strand of RNA
that folds back on itself to align the residues) can pair with each other.
hairpin loop (stem and loop)
within double-stranded regions of RNA, what are the two types of base pairs in RNA?
A and U; G and C
which process is more selective: replication or transcription?
transcription (in replication, the entire chromosome is copied to yield daughter DNAs identical
to the parent DNA)
what is the substrate of RNA polymerase?
NTP (ribonucleotides)
, what is the substrate of DNA polymerase?
dNTP (deoxyribonucleotides)
does RNA polymerase need a primer?
no
does DNA polymerase need a primer?
yes
what direction does RNA polymerase synthesize?
5'→3'
what direction does DNA polymerase synthesize?
5'→3'
describe the nucleophilic attack in bond formation between nucleotides (both deoxyribo- and
ribo-)
The 3′-OH group acts as a nucleophile, attacking the α phosphate of the incoming NTP (or
dNTP) and releasing PPi
what is the role of pyrophosphate and pyrophosphatase in the overall reaction?
The hydrolysis of PPi drives the overall reaction towards the products (production of
lengthened RNA/DNA)
does RNA polymerase need a template?
yes (DNA template)
does DNA polymerase need a template?
yes (DNA template)
template strand
the strand of nucleic acid used by a polymerase as a template to synthesize a complementary
strand, as distinct from the coding strand
non-template (coding) strand
in DNA transcription, the DNA strand identical in base sequence to the RNA transcribed from it,
with U in the RNA in place of T in the DNA
does the same strand of the chromosome always serve as the template strand?
100% Correct
RNA editing
processes that add or delete bases in the coding regions of primary transcripts or that change
the sequence (e.g. spontaneous deamination)
when does RNA editing occur?
post-transcription (on mature mRNA)
when does splicing occur?
post-transcription (on primary mRNA)
what is the difference between splicing and RNA editing?
splicing is the removal of whole segments of nucleotides (introns), while RNA editing is
the removal, addition, or change of individual bases
where is DNA located in eukaryotes?
nucleus (generally)
where does protein synthesis occur in eukaryotes?
ribosomes (in the cytoplasm)
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
a class of RNA molecules serving as components of ribosomes
mRNA (messenger RNA)
a class of RNA molecules, each of which is complementary to one strand of DNA; carries the
genetic message from the chromosome to the ribosomes
tRNA (transfer RNA)
a class of RNA molecules, each of which combines covalently with a specific amino acid as the
first step in protein synthesis.
what is the difference between the pentose rings of DNA and RNA
DNA has a deoxyribose (-H at the 2' carbon)
RNA has a ribose (-OH at the 2' carbon)
which nitrogen bases are found in DNA?
,A, T, G, and C
which nitrogen bases are found in RNA?
A, U, G, and C
monocistronic mRNA
an mRNA that can be translated into only one protein
polycistronic mRNA
an mRNA with more than two genes that can be translated into proteins
is eukaryotic mRNA monocistronic or polycistronic?
monocistronic
is prokaryotic mRNA monocistronic or polycistronic?
polycistronic
cistron
a gene
is DNA usually double or single stranded?
double
is RNA usually double or single stranded?
single
does single stranded RNA have any double stranded regions?
yes. complementary sequences in two single strands of RNA (or within a single strand of RNA
that folds back on itself to align the residues) can pair with each other.
hairpin loop (stem and loop)
within double-stranded regions of RNA, what are the two types of base pairs in RNA?
A and U; G and C
which process is more selective: replication or transcription?
transcription (in replication, the entire chromosome is copied to yield daughter DNAs identical
to the parent DNA)
what is the substrate of RNA polymerase?
NTP (ribonucleotides)
, what is the substrate of DNA polymerase?
dNTP (deoxyribonucleotides)
does RNA polymerase need a primer?
no
does DNA polymerase need a primer?
yes
what direction does RNA polymerase synthesize?
5'→3'
what direction does DNA polymerase synthesize?
5'→3'
describe the nucleophilic attack in bond formation between nucleotides (both deoxyribo- and
ribo-)
The 3′-OH group acts as a nucleophile, attacking the α phosphate of the incoming NTP (or
dNTP) and releasing PPi
what is the role of pyrophosphate and pyrophosphatase in the overall reaction?
The hydrolysis of PPi drives the overall reaction towards the products (production of
lengthened RNA/DNA)
does RNA polymerase need a template?
yes (DNA template)
does DNA polymerase need a template?
yes (DNA template)
template strand
the strand of nucleic acid used by a polymerase as a template to synthesize a complementary
strand, as distinct from the coding strand
non-template (coding) strand
in DNA transcription, the DNA strand identical in base sequence to the RNA transcribed from it,
with U in the RNA in place of T in the DNA
does the same strand of the chromosome always serve as the template strand?
