GerontologicsNursings6thsEditionsMeinersTestsBank
Chapter 01: Overview of Gerontologic Nursing Meiner:
s s s s s s s
Gerontologic Nursing, 6th Edition
s s s
MULTIPLEsCHOICE
1. Ins2010,sthesrevisedsStandardssandsScopesofsGerontologicalsNursingsPracticeswasspu
blished.sThesnurseswouldsusesthesesstandardssto
a. promotesthespracticesofsgerontologicsnursingswithinsthesacutescaressetting.
b. definesthesconceptssandsdimensionssofsgerontologicsnursingspractice.
c. elevatesthespracticesofsgerontologicsnursing.
d. incorporatesthesconceptssofshealthspromotion,shealthsmaintenance,sdiseasesp
revention,sandsself-care
ANS:s D
ThescurrentspublishingsofsthesStandardssandsScopesofsGerontologicalsNursingsPracticesins2010
sincorporatessthesinputsofsgerontologicsnursessfromsacrosssthesUnitedsStatessandsincludesscompr
ehensivesconceptssandsdimensionssimportantstosthosespracticingsgerontologicsnursing.sItswassno
tsintendedstospromotesgerontologicsnursingspracticeswithinsacutescaressettings,sdefinesconceptss
orsdimensionssofsgerontologicsnursingspractice,sorselevatesthespracticesofsgerontologicsnursing.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1-1 TOP:
N/AsMSC:s SafesandsEffectivesCaresEnvironment
2. Whensattemptingstosminimizestheseffectsofsageismsonsthespracticesofsnursingsoldersadults,sasnur
sesneedsstosfirst
a. recognizesthatsnursessmustsactsassadvocatessforsagingspatients.
b. acceptsthatsthisspopulationsrepresentssassubstantialsportionsofsthosesrequiringsn
ursingscare.
c. self-reflectsandsformulatesone‟sspersonalsviewsofsagingsandsthesolderspatient.
d. recognizesageismsassasformsofsbigotryssharedsbysmanysAmericans.
ANS:s C
Ageismsissansever-
increasingsprejudicialsviewsofstheseffectssofsthesagingsprocesssandsofsthesolderspopulationsassasw
hole.sWithsnursessbeingsmemberssofsassocietysholdingssuchsviews,sitsisscriticalsthatsthesindividua
lsnursesself-
reflectssonspersonalsfeelingssandsdeterminesswhetherssuchsfeelingsswillsaffectsthesnursingscarest
hatshesorsshesprovidesstosthesagingspatient.sActingsassansadvocatesissansimportantsnursingsrolesins
allssettings.sSimplysacceptingsasfactsdoessnotshelpsendsageism,snorsdoessrecognizingsageismsassa
sformsofsbigotry.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1-6 TOP: IntegratedsProcess:sTeaching-
LearningsMSC:s SafesandsEffectivesCaresEnvironment
3. Thesnursesplanningscaresforsansoldersadultswhoshassrecentlysbeensdiagnosedswithsrheumatoidsart
hritissviewssthespriorityscriterionsforscontinuedsindependencestosbesthespatient‟s
a. age.
b. financialsstatus.
c. gender.
d. functionalsstatus.
, GerontologicsNursings6thsEditionsMeinersTestsBank
ANS:s s D
Maintainingsthesfunctionalsstatussofsoldersadultss(especiallysthoseswithschronicshealthsconditions
)smaysavertsthesonsetsofsphysicalsfrailtysandscognitivesimpairment,stwosconditionssthatsincreasesth
eslikelihoodsofsinstitutionalization.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1-4
TOP: NursingsProcess:sPlanning MSC:s PhysiologicsIntegrity
4. Asnursesworkingswithsthesoldersadultspopulationsissmostslikelystosassesssasneedsforsasfin
ancialssocialsservice‟ssreferralsforswhichsperson?
a. Whitesmale
b. Blacksfemale
c. Hispanicsmale
d. AsiansAmericansfemale
ANS:s B
Thespovertysratesamongsolderswomensisssubstantiallyshighersthansthatsseensamongsmen.sThespove
rtysratessforspeoplesofscolorsisshighersthansthatsofswhites.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1-4
TOP: NursingsProcess:sAssessment MSC:s SafesandsEffectivesCaresEnvironment
5. Asnursesisspreparingstoscompletesashealthsassessmentsandshistorysonsansolderspatient.sWhichssta
tementsreflectssansunderstandingsofsthesgeneralshealthsstatussofsthisspopulation?
a. “I‟llsneedstosdocumentsthesmedicationssthespatientsisscurrentlysprescribed.”
b. “Iswouldslikestosunderstandshowssupportivesthespatient‟ssfamilysmemberssare.”
NsR
c. “MostsolderspatientssaresbUeinSgssI G
e asB.C
t r sN t eT
d sforsasvOariet ysofschronicshealthscaresissues.”
d. “Itswillsbesinterestingstosseeswhethersthisspatientsseessherselfsassbeingshealthy.”
ANS:s D
Itsissasmisconceptionsthatsoldsagesisssynonymousswithsdiseasesandsillness.sInsfact,soldersadultssa
lreadystendstosviewstheirspersonalshealthspositivelysdespitesthespresencesofschronicsillness,sdise
ase,sandsimpairment.sThesnursesshouldsalwayssdeterminesthespatient‟sssensesofswellnesssandsin
dependenceswhensconductingsashealthsandshistorysassessment.sAnsassessmentsofsmedicationsu
sesandsfamilyssupportsissimportantsforsanyspatient.sManysoldersadultssdoshaveschronicshealthsco
nditions,sbutstheirsperceptionsissmoresimportantsthansassinglesnumber.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1-4 TOP:
NursingsProcess:sAssessmentsMSC:s HealthsPromotionsandsMaintenance
6. Thesnursesisscaringsforsansoldersadultswhoshassbeensadmittedstosansacutescareshospitalsforstrea
tmentsofsasfracturedsfemur.sThesfamilysexpressessconcernsaboutstheirsfather‟sspendingstransf
erstosassubacutescaresfacility.sWhatsresponsesbysthesnursesissbest?
a. “Acutescaresfacilitiesslackstheslong-termsphysicalstherapysyoursdadsrequires.”
b. “Yoursdadswillsbesmuchshappiersinsasmoresserene,sprivatesenvironment.”
c. “Thessubacutesfacilityswillsfocussonshelpingsyoursdadstosmaintainshissin
dependence.”
d. “Insurance,sincludingsMedicare,swillscoversonlysaslimitedsamountsofstimeshere.”
, GerontologicsNursings6thsEditionsMeinersTestsBank
ANS:s C
Thestransfersofsthespatientstosassubacutesfacilitysissbasedsonsthesneedstosmaintainsthe
patient‟sslevelsofsfunctionsandsindependence,sastasksthesacutescaresfacilitysissnotspreparedstosaddr
esssoncesthespatientsissphysiologicallysstable.sThesacutescaresfacilitysmaysorsmaysnotsbesablestospr
ovideslong-
termstherapy.sThespatientsmaysorsmaysnotsbeshappiersinsthesnewssetting;sthesnursesshouldsnotsmake
sthissjudgment.sItsisstruesthatsinsurancesonlyspayssforsaslimitedsamountsofstimesinsansacutescaresfaci
lity,sbutsthississnotsthesbestsreasonsforsthespatientstostransfer.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1-4
TOP:
IntegratedsProcess:sCommunicationsandsDocumentations
MSC:s HealthsPromotionsandsMaintenance
7. Tosbestsassuresbothsthesqualitysofscaresandsthessafetysofsthesoldersadultspatientswhosrequiressin-
homesunlicensedsassistivespersonals(UAP)sassistance,swhichsactionsbysthesgerontologicsnurses
issbest?
a. EvaluatessthescompetencysofsthesUAPsstaff.
b. Assumessthesrolessofscasesmanagersandspatientsadvocate.
c. ArrangessforsthesneededsUAPsprovidedsservices.
d. Assessessthespatientsforsfunctionalslimitations.
ANS:s A
AssmorescarestraditionallysprovidedsbysprofessionalsnursessissbeingstransferredstosUAP,sthesnurs
esmustsassumesmoresresponsibilitysforseducating,straining,sandsevaluatingsthescompetencysofsU
APsstaffstosprovidessafe,seffectivescaresforsthesoldersadultspatient.
DIF: Applying OBJ:Ns1R
-5
TOP: IntegratedsProcess:sCommunicationsandsDocumentation
MSC:s SafesandsEffectivesCaresEnvironment
8. Thesnursesworkingswithsoldersadultssunderstandsswhatsinformationsaboutscertificationsinsge
rontologicsnursing?
a. Itsissmandatorysforsthosesinslong-termscaressettings.
b. Itsissvoluntarysandsshowssclinicalsexpertisesinsansarea.
c. Itsallowssnursesstosbespaidsbysthird-partyspayers.
d. Itsallowssnursesstosadvancestheirscareerssinsasjob.
ANS:s B
Certificationsissvoluntarysandsshowssthatsasnurseshassadditionalsknowledgesandsexpertisesinsascer
tainsareasofspractice.sItsissnotsmandatorysinsspecificscaressettings.sItsdoessnotsallowsforsthird-
partysreimbursement.sItsmaysbespartsofsascareersladdersprogram,sbutsthatsissnotstruesofsallsworkss
ettings.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1-
2sTOP: IntegratedsProcess:sTeaching-Learning
MSC:s SafesandsEffectivesCaresEnvironment
9. Asnursesworkssinsasgerontologicsclinic.sWhatsactionsbysthesnursestakesshighestspriority?
a. Servingsassaspatientsadvocate
b. Educatingspatientssaboutsdiseases
, GerontologicsNursings6thsEditionsMeinersTestsBank
c. Helpingspatientssremainsindependent
d. Referringspatientsstoshomeshealthscare
ANS:s C
Onesofstheschallengessandsprioritiessofsthesgerontologicsnursesisshelpingspatientsstosmaintainstheirs
independence.sWhilesnursessdosservesasspatientsadvocates,seducatespatients,sandsmakesreferrals,st
hesesactionssaresnotsspecificstosgerontologicsnursing.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1-2
TOP: NursingsProcess:sImplementation MSC:s HealthsPromotionsandsMaintenance
10. Asnursesisscaringsforsansolderspatientsinsthesemergencysdepartment.sWhatsinformationsaboutsthe
spatientswillsbesmostshelpfulsinscreatingsasplansofscare?
a. Baselinesphysicalsandscognitivesfunctioning
b. Livingsconditionssandsfamilyssupport
c. Medicationssandscurrentsmedicalsproblems
d. ResultssofsthesMini-MentalsStatesExamination
ANS:s A
Thesnursesissencouragedstosviewsolderspatientssassindividualssandsconsiderstheirsbaselinesphysical
sandscognitivesfunctionalsstatussassasstandardsbyswhichstoscomparesthespatient‟sscurrentsstatus.sTh
esothersinformationsissalsosimportant,sbutsthesbasissofsindividualizedscaresbeginsswithsthespatient‟
ssstrengthssandsweaknesses.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1-2 TOP:
NursingsProcess:sAssessmentsMSC:s HealthsPromotionsandsMaintenance
N R I G B.C M
11. Thesfacultysmemberse x p l a i n sUt o sS
studN
entsTthatsmO
anysoldersAmericansscontinuestosworkspaststh
es“retirementsage.”sWhatsbestsexplainssthisstrend?
a. Feelingshealthierslonger
b. Changingsfinancialsoutlook
c. Becomingsboredsinsretirement
d. Asdesirestosgivesback
ANS:s B
Assfinancialssituationssmayshavesdeclinedsassasresultsofsmanyseconomicsfactors,smoresoldersadul
tssworkspaststheirs“retirementsage.”sThesothersoptionssmaysbesreasonssforssomestoscontinueswor
king,sbutsfinancialsnecessitysissthesreasonsthesmajorityscontinuestosdosso.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1-
3sTOP: IntegratedsProcess:sTeaching-Learning
MSC:s HealthsPromotionsandsMaintenance
12. WhatsinformationsdoessthesfacultysmembersteachsstudentssaboutsMedicare?
a. Coverssanyoneswithsend-stagesrenalsdisease
b. PartsAscoversssomesprescriptionscosts
c. PartsBscoverssinpatientshospitalscosts
d. PartsDseliminatessthesdrugs“donutshole”s
ANS:s A
Chapter 01: Overview of Gerontologic Nursing Meiner:
s s s s s s s
Gerontologic Nursing, 6th Edition
s s s
MULTIPLEsCHOICE
1. Ins2010,sthesrevisedsStandardssandsScopesofsGerontologicalsNursingsPracticeswasspu
blished.sThesnurseswouldsusesthesesstandardssto
a. promotesthespracticesofsgerontologicsnursingswithinsthesacutescaressetting.
b. definesthesconceptssandsdimensionssofsgerontologicsnursingspractice.
c. elevatesthespracticesofsgerontologicsnursing.
d. incorporatesthesconceptssofshealthspromotion,shealthsmaintenance,sdiseasesp
revention,sandsself-care
ANS:s D
ThescurrentspublishingsofsthesStandardssandsScopesofsGerontologicalsNursingsPracticesins2010
sincorporatessthesinputsofsgerontologicsnursessfromsacrosssthesUnitedsStatessandsincludesscompr
ehensivesconceptssandsdimensionssimportantstosthosespracticingsgerontologicsnursing.sItswassno
tsintendedstospromotesgerontologicsnursingspracticeswithinsacutescaressettings,sdefinesconceptss
orsdimensionssofsgerontologicsnursingspractice,sorselevatesthespracticesofsgerontologicsnursing.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1-1 TOP:
N/AsMSC:s SafesandsEffectivesCaresEnvironment
2. Whensattemptingstosminimizestheseffectsofsageismsonsthespracticesofsnursingsoldersadults,sasnur
sesneedsstosfirst
a. recognizesthatsnursessmustsactsassadvocatessforsagingspatients.
b. acceptsthatsthisspopulationsrepresentssassubstantialsportionsofsthosesrequiringsn
ursingscare.
c. self-reflectsandsformulatesone‟sspersonalsviewsofsagingsandsthesolderspatient.
d. recognizesageismsassasformsofsbigotryssharedsbysmanysAmericans.
ANS:s C
Ageismsissansever-
increasingsprejudicialsviewsofstheseffectssofsthesagingsprocesssandsofsthesolderspopulationsassasw
hole.sWithsnursessbeingsmemberssofsassocietysholdingssuchsviews,sitsisscriticalsthatsthesindividua
lsnursesself-
reflectssonspersonalsfeelingssandsdeterminesswhetherssuchsfeelingsswillsaffectsthesnursingscarest
hatshesorsshesprovidesstosthesagingspatient.sActingsassansadvocatesissansimportantsnursingsrolesins
allssettings.sSimplysacceptingsasfactsdoessnotshelpsendsageism,snorsdoessrecognizingsageismsassa
sformsofsbigotry.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1-6 TOP: IntegratedsProcess:sTeaching-
LearningsMSC:s SafesandsEffectivesCaresEnvironment
3. Thesnursesplanningscaresforsansoldersadultswhoshassrecentlysbeensdiagnosedswithsrheumatoidsart
hritissviewssthespriorityscriterionsforscontinuedsindependencestosbesthespatient‟s
a. age.
b. financialsstatus.
c. gender.
d. functionalsstatus.
, GerontologicsNursings6thsEditionsMeinersTestsBank
ANS:s s D
Maintainingsthesfunctionalsstatussofsoldersadultss(especiallysthoseswithschronicshealthsconditions
)smaysavertsthesonsetsofsphysicalsfrailtysandscognitivesimpairment,stwosconditionssthatsincreasesth
eslikelihoodsofsinstitutionalization.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1-4
TOP: NursingsProcess:sPlanning MSC:s PhysiologicsIntegrity
4. Asnursesworkingswithsthesoldersadultspopulationsissmostslikelystosassesssasneedsforsasfin
ancialssocialsservice‟ssreferralsforswhichsperson?
a. Whitesmale
b. Blacksfemale
c. Hispanicsmale
d. AsiansAmericansfemale
ANS:s B
Thespovertysratesamongsolderswomensisssubstantiallyshighersthansthatsseensamongsmen.sThespove
rtysratessforspeoplesofscolorsisshighersthansthatsofswhites.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1-4
TOP: NursingsProcess:sAssessment MSC:s SafesandsEffectivesCaresEnvironment
5. Asnursesisspreparingstoscompletesashealthsassessmentsandshistorysonsansolderspatient.sWhichssta
tementsreflectssansunderstandingsofsthesgeneralshealthsstatussofsthisspopulation?
a. “I‟llsneedstosdocumentsthesmedicationssthespatientsisscurrentlysprescribed.”
b. “Iswouldslikestosunderstandshowssupportivesthespatient‟ssfamilysmemberssare.”
NsR
c. “MostsolderspatientssaresbUeinSgssI G
e asB.C
t r sN t eT
d sforsasvOariet ysofschronicshealthscaresissues.”
d. “Itswillsbesinterestingstosseeswhethersthisspatientsseessherselfsassbeingshealthy.”
ANS:s D
Itsissasmisconceptionsthatsoldsagesisssynonymousswithsdiseasesandsillness.sInsfact,soldersadultssa
lreadystendstosviewstheirspersonalshealthspositivelysdespitesthespresencesofschronicsillness,sdise
ase,sandsimpairment.sThesnursesshouldsalwayssdeterminesthespatient‟sssensesofswellnesssandsin
dependenceswhensconductingsashealthsandshistorysassessment.sAnsassessmentsofsmedicationsu
sesandsfamilyssupportsissimportantsforsanyspatient.sManysoldersadultssdoshaveschronicshealthsco
nditions,sbutstheirsperceptionsissmoresimportantsthansassinglesnumber.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1-4 TOP:
NursingsProcess:sAssessmentsMSC:s HealthsPromotionsandsMaintenance
6. Thesnursesisscaringsforsansoldersadultswhoshassbeensadmittedstosansacutescareshospitalsforstrea
tmentsofsasfracturedsfemur.sThesfamilysexpressessconcernsaboutstheirsfather‟sspendingstransf
erstosassubacutescaresfacility.sWhatsresponsesbysthesnursesissbest?
a. “Acutescaresfacilitiesslackstheslong-termsphysicalstherapysyoursdadsrequires.”
b. “Yoursdadswillsbesmuchshappiersinsasmoresserene,sprivatesenvironment.”
c. “Thessubacutesfacilityswillsfocussonshelpingsyoursdadstosmaintainshissin
dependence.”
d. “Insurance,sincludingsMedicare,swillscoversonlysaslimitedsamountsofstimeshere.”
, GerontologicsNursings6thsEditionsMeinersTestsBank
ANS:s C
Thestransfersofsthespatientstosassubacutesfacilitysissbasedsonsthesneedstosmaintainsthe
patient‟sslevelsofsfunctionsandsindependence,sastasksthesacutescaresfacilitysissnotspreparedstosaddr
esssoncesthespatientsissphysiologicallysstable.sThesacutescaresfacilitysmaysorsmaysnotsbesablestospr
ovideslong-
termstherapy.sThespatientsmaysorsmaysnotsbeshappiersinsthesnewssetting;sthesnursesshouldsnotsmake
sthissjudgment.sItsisstruesthatsinsurancesonlyspayssforsaslimitedsamountsofstimesinsansacutescaresfaci
lity,sbutsthississnotsthesbestsreasonsforsthespatientstostransfer.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1-4
TOP:
IntegratedsProcess:sCommunicationsandsDocumentations
MSC:s HealthsPromotionsandsMaintenance
7. Tosbestsassuresbothsthesqualitysofscaresandsthessafetysofsthesoldersadultspatientswhosrequiressin-
homesunlicensedsassistivespersonals(UAP)sassistance,swhichsactionsbysthesgerontologicsnurses
issbest?
a. EvaluatessthescompetencysofsthesUAPsstaff.
b. Assumessthesrolessofscasesmanagersandspatientsadvocate.
c. ArrangessforsthesneededsUAPsprovidedsservices.
d. Assessessthespatientsforsfunctionalslimitations.
ANS:s A
AssmorescarestraditionallysprovidedsbysprofessionalsnursessissbeingstransferredstosUAP,sthesnurs
esmustsassumesmoresresponsibilitysforseducating,straining,sandsevaluatingsthescompetencysofsU
APsstaffstosprovidessafe,seffectivescaresforsthesoldersadultspatient.
DIF: Applying OBJ:Ns1R
-5
TOP: IntegratedsProcess:sCommunicationsandsDocumentation
MSC:s SafesandsEffectivesCaresEnvironment
8. Thesnursesworkingswithsoldersadultssunderstandsswhatsinformationsaboutscertificationsinsge
rontologicsnursing?
a. Itsissmandatorysforsthosesinslong-termscaressettings.
b. Itsissvoluntarysandsshowssclinicalsexpertisesinsansarea.
c. Itsallowssnursesstosbespaidsbysthird-partyspayers.
d. Itsallowssnursesstosadvancestheirscareerssinsasjob.
ANS:s B
Certificationsissvoluntarysandsshowssthatsasnurseshassadditionalsknowledgesandsexpertisesinsascer
tainsareasofspractice.sItsissnotsmandatorysinsspecificscaressettings.sItsdoessnotsallowsforsthird-
partysreimbursement.sItsmaysbespartsofsascareersladdersprogram,sbutsthatsissnotstruesofsallsworkss
ettings.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1-
2sTOP: IntegratedsProcess:sTeaching-Learning
MSC:s SafesandsEffectivesCaresEnvironment
9. Asnursesworkssinsasgerontologicsclinic.sWhatsactionsbysthesnursestakesshighestspriority?
a. Servingsassaspatientsadvocate
b. Educatingspatientssaboutsdiseases
, GerontologicsNursings6thsEditionsMeinersTestsBank
c. Helpingspatientssremainsindependent
d. Referringspatientsstoshomeshealthscare
ANS:s C
Onesofstheschallengessandsprioritiessofsthesgerontologicsnursesisshelpingspatientsstosmaintainstheirs
independence.sWhilesnursessdosservesasspatientsadvocates,seducatespatients,sandsmakesreferrals,st
hesesactionssaresnotsspecificstosgerontologicsnursing.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1-2
TOP: NursingsProcess:sImplementation MSC:s HealthsPromotionsandsMaintenance
10. Asnursesisscaringsforsansolderspatientsinsthesemergencysdepartment.sWhatsinformationsaboutsthe
spatientswillsbesmostshelpfulsinscreatingsasplansofscare?
a. Baselinesphysicalsandscognitivesfunctioning
b. Livingsconditionssandsfamilyssupport
c. Medicationssandscurrentsmedicalsproblems
d. ResultssofsthesMini-MentalsStatesExamination
ANS:s A
Thesnursesissencouragedstosviewsolderspatientssassindividualssandsconsiderstheirsbaselinesphysical
sandscognitivesfunctionalsstatussassasstandardsbyswhichstoscomparesthespatient‟sscurrentsstatus.sTh
esothersinformationsissalsosimportant,sbutsthesbasissofsindividualizedscaresbeginsswithsthespatient‟
ssstrengthssandsweaknesses.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1-2 TOP:
NursingsProcess:sAssessmentsMSC:s HealthsPromotionsandsMaintenance
N R I G B.C M
11. Thesfacultysmemberse x p l a i n sUt o sS
studN
entsTthatsmO
anysoldersAmericansscontinuestosworkspaststh
es“retirementsage.”sWhatsbestsexplainssthisstrend?
a. Feelingshealthierslonger
b. Changingsfinancialsoutlook
c. Becomingsboredsinsretirement
d. Asdesirestosgivesback
ANS:s B
Assfinancialssituationssmayshavesdeclinedsassasresultsofsmanyseconomicsfactors,smoresoldersadul
tssworkspaststheirs“retirementsage.”sThesothersoptionssmaysbesreasonssforssomestoscontinueswor
king,sbutsfinancialsnecessitysissthesreasonsthesmajorityscontinuestosdosso.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1-
3sTOP: IntegratedsProcess:sTeaching-Learning
MSC:s HealthsPromotionsandsMaintenance
12. WhatsinformationsdoessthesfacultysmembersteachsstudentssaboutsMedicare?
a. Coverssanyoneswithsend-stagesrenalsdisease
b. PartsAscoversssomesprescriptionscosts
c. PartsBscoverssinpatientshospitalscosts
d. PartsDseliminatessthesdrugs“donutshole”s
ANS:s A
