CSD 210 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE
ToM
the ability to understand others thoughts and feelings is needed to see things from their
perspective
intersubjective awareness
knowing when two people are paying attention to the same thing
Efferent nerves
info exits the brain, motor nerve
afferent nerves
info enters the brain, sensory
print functions
print carries meaning
- child recognizes that print provides meaning to events
print conventions
print is organized in specific ways
- child understands text is read left to right
print forms
print units can be differentiated and named
- child understands words, letters, and other print units have distinct names and
organized in specific ways
what are the stages of L2 development
1. home language stage = using L1 in classroom
2. nonverbal period = produce almost no language and focus on receptive skills
3. telegraphic and formulaic use = child imitates others and memorizes simple phrases
4. language productivity = not proficient in L2 but communication continues to expand
in operant conditioning, behaviors that are reinforced become ?, and behaviors
that are punished become ? .
strengthened and suppressed
when do children usually master stress and emphasis?
12 years of age
- ex. present vs present
what is categorical perception of speech
we categorize differences in meaning
- ex. big vs. pig (the slight distinction between sounds)
experience-expectant plasticity
ongoing sculpting of brain structures
- waiting to have 'normal' experiences to organize neural circuitry
- ex. seeing the light
experience-dependent plasticity
, brain changes over time through new connections/changes in connections of neural
circuitry
- will change based on your own personal experiences
the failure to perceive subtle changes in word meaning is an example of.....
semantic error
Is a language difference a language disorder?
NO! all language and dialects have their own set of rules that are 'correct' for that
language or dialect
- ex. every language has its own set of phonotactic rules
What are 3 types of bootstrapping
semantic, prosodic, syntactic
semantic bootstrapping
children learn grammar by understanding word meaning from watching events around
them
prosodic bootstrapping
infants use their ability to hear speech sounds to learn about language
syntactic bootstrapping
children understand new verbs by looking at the sentence structure around them
Does the PNS carry info inward or outward from the brain
it does both! IN AND OUT
is the unitary hypothesis or the dual language hypothesis more current? Why do
we care?
dual language hypothesis. we care because kids can learn more than one language at
one time even if they are a little behind
intraindividual differences
nonlinear pattern of development within an individual child
- comprehension proceeds expressive skills
What are the 3 domains of language
form, content and use
what are the two types of morphemes
bound and free
refers to how the brain processes speech and language
speech perception
the ? formulates and then transmits info and the ? takes in and then
comprehends the info
sender, receiver
the combination of speaking and listening is a common mode of communication
is called...
oral communication
a model of communication includes what three essential components
sender, receiver, and a shared symbolic means for communication
what type of feedback refers to the use of pitch, loudness, and pausing?
paralinguistic feedback
Is a language difference a general term that describes the variability among
language users?
YES!
LATEST UPDATE
ToM
the ability to understand others thoughts and feelings is needed to see things from their
perspective
intersubjective awareness
knowing when two people are paying attention to the same thing
Efferent nerves
info exits the brain, motor nerve
afferent nerves
info enters the brain, sensory
print functions
print carries meaning
- child recognizes that print provides meaning to events
print conventions
print is organized in specific ways
- child understands text is read left to right
print forms
print units can be differentiated and named
- child understands words, letters, and other print units have distinct names and
organized in specific ways
what are the stages of L2 development
1. home language stage = using L1 in classroom
2. nonverbal period = produce almost no language and focus on receptive skills
3. telegraphic and formulaic use = child imitates others and memorizes simple phrases
4. language productivity = not proficient in L2 but communication continues to expand
in operant conditioning, behaviors that are reinforced become ?, and behaviors
that are punished become ? .
strengthened and suppressed
when do children usually master stress and emphasis?
12 years of age
- ex. present vs present
what is categorical perception of speech
we categorize differences in meaning
- ex. big vs. pig (the slight distinction between sounds)
experience-expectant plasticity
ongoing sculpting of brain structures
- waiting to have 'normal' experiences to organize neural circuitry
- ex. seeing the light
experience-dependent plasticity
, brain changes over time through new connections/changes in connections of neural
circuitry
- will change based on your own personal experiences
the failure to perceive subtle changes in word meaning is an example of.....
semantic error
Is a language difference a language disorder?
NO! all language and dialects have their own set of rules that are 'correct' for that
language or dialect
- ex. every language has its own set of phonotactic rules
What are 3 types of bootstrapping
semantic, prosodic, syntactic
semantic bootstrapping
children learn grammar by understanding word meaning from watching events around
them
prosodic bootstrapping
infants use their ability to hear speech sounds to learn about language
syntactic bootstrapping
children understand new verbs by looking at the sentence structure around them
Does the PNS carry info inward or outward from the brain
it does both! IN AND OUT
is the unitary hypothesis or the dual language hypothesis more current? Why do
we care?
dual language hypothesis. we care because kids can learn more than one language at
one time even if they are a little behind
intraindividual differences
nonlinear pattern of development within an individual child
- comprehension proceeds expressive skills
What are the 3 domains of language
form, content and use
what are the two types of morphemes
bound and free
refers to how the brain processes speech and language
speech perception
the ? formulates and then transmits info and the ? takes in and then
comprehends the info
sender, receiver
the combination of speaking and listening is a common mode of communication
is called...
oral communication
a model of communication includes what three essential components
sender, receiver, and a shared symbolic means for communication
what type of feedback refers to the use of pitch, loudness, and pausing?
paralinguistic feedback
Is a language difference a general term that describes the variability among
language users?
YES!
