CSD 210 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE
Rostral
Near the front end of the body (beak)
Caudal
Near the back end of the body (tail)
Sinistrad
Left
Dextrad
Right
Ganglia
Groups of nerve cell bodies found in the PNS (gray matter)
Gray matter
Tissue that consists mainly of nerve cell bodies and dendrites
White matter
Tissue that consists mainly axons & tracts
Tract
A discrete collection of white fibers (axons)
Nucleus
Discrete collection of cell bodies
Cortex
Extensive layer of cell bodies
Somatotopic
Organization/correspondence of an area of the body to a particular area in the brain.
For sensory info, the areas of the body correspond to specific areas on the postcentral
gyrus
Homunculus
Physical representation of the human body, according to the "map" of the anatomical
divisions of the body in the cortex
Cranial nerves
Nerves that exit the brainstem and innervate speech musculature
Spinal nerves
Nerves that exit the spinal cord and innervate muscles of the body & enter the
brainstem for sensory function
Autonomic nerves
Nerves that are sympathetic or parasympathetic (cranial and spinal)
Glial cells
Support cells of the nervous system that provide support framework, metabolize certain
substances, clean up debris after injury, and provide myelination
Cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord
Four main components of CNS
Cranial, spinal, autonomic
, 3 types of PNS nerves that enter/exit the CNS
Astrocytes
Type of glial cell that provides nutrients and repairs
Oligodendrocytes
Type of glial cell that provides a myelin sheath
Microglia
Type of glial cell that cleans up debris
Ependymal
Type of glial cell that lines cavities and produces CSF
Neurons
Cells that receive, conduct, and transmit nerve impulses
Axon
Part of the neuron that sends impulses
Dendrites
Part of the neuron that receives impulses
Axon terminal/bouton
Part of the neuron that establishes connection with another neuron, muscle, or gland
Synapse
Site of contact between neurons & other neurons, muscles, or glands
Large diameter and myelinated
Fastest conducting neuron has these characteristics
Fasciculus, lemniscus, peduncle
Three tyeps of white fiber tracts
Corpus callosum
White matter commissural tract that connects the two hemispheres
Gyri
Cortical convolutions of the brain, like "hills"
Sulci
Fissures or grooves of the brain
Longitudinal fissure
Sulcus that divides the two hemispheres
Central sulcus
Fissure that divides the frontal and parietal lobes, and is between the pre- and post-
central gyrus
Lateral fissure
Fissure that separates the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes. This area is
important because lots of speech and language areas are around here
Cingulate gyrus
Gyrus that is part of the limbic lobe and is involved in vocalization, memory and emotion
Precentral gyrus
Primary motor cortex in the frontal lobhe that sends messages to muscles to contract
Postcentral gyrus
Primary sensory cortex in the parietal lobe
Angular gyrus
Gyrus in the parietal lobe that combines auditory and visual information
BA 4
LATEST UPDATE
Rostral
Near the front end of the body (beak)
Caudal
Near the back end of the body (tail)
Sinistrad
Left
Dextrad
Right
Ganglia
Groups of nerve cell bodies found in the PNS (gray matter)
Gray matter
Tissue that consists mainly of nerve cell bodies and dendrites
White matter
Tissue that consists mainly axons & tracts
Tract
A discrete collection of white fibers (axons)
Nucleus
Discrete collection of cell bodies
Cortex
Extensive layer of cell bodies
Somatotopic
Organization/correspondence of an area of the body to a particular area in the brain.
For sensory info, the areas of the body correspond to specific areas on the postcentral
gyrus
Homunculus
Physical representation of the human body, according to the "map" of the anatomical
divisions of the body in the cortex
Cranial nerves
Nerves that exit the brainstem and innervate speech musculature
Spinal nerves
Nerves that exit the spinal cord and innervate muscles of the body & enter the
brainstem for sensory function
Autonomic nerves
Nerves that are sympathetic or parasympathetic (cranial and spinal)
Glial cells
Support cells of the nervous system that provide support framework, metabolize certain
substances, clean up debris after injury, and provide myelination
Cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord
Four main components of CNS
Cranial, spinal, autonomic
, 3 types of PNS nerves that enter/exit the CNS
Astrocytes
Type of glial cell that provides nutrients and repairs
Oligodendrocytes
Type of glial cell that provides a myelin sheath
Microglia
Type of glial cell that cleans up debris
Ependymal
Type of glial cell that lines cavities and produces CSF
Neurons
Cells that receive, conduct, and transmit nerve impulses
Axon
Part of the neuron that sends impulses
Dendrites
Part of the neuron that receives impulses
Axon terminal/bouton
Part of the neuron that establishes connection with another neuron, muscle, or gland
Synapse
Site of contact between neurons & other neurons, muscles, or glands
Large diameter and myelinated
Fastest conducting neuron has these characteristics
Fasciculus, lemniscus, peduncle
Three tyeps of white fiber tracts
Corpus callosum
White matter commissural tract that connects the two hemispheres
Gyri
Cortical convolutions of the brain, like "hills"
Sulci
Fissures or grooves of the brain
Longitudinal fissure
Sulcus that divides the two hemispheres
Central sulcus
Fissure that divides the frontal and parietal lobes, and is between the pre- and post-
central gyrus
Lateral fissure
Fissure that separates the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes. This area is
important because lots of speech and language areas are around here
Cingulate gyrus
Gyrus that is part of the limbic lobe and is involved in vocalization, memory and emotion
Precentral gyrus
Primary motor cortex in the frontal lobhe that sends messages to muscles to contract
Postcentral gyrus
Primary sensory cortex in the parietal lobe
Angular gyrus
Gyrus in the parietal lobe that combines auditory and visual information
BA 4
