CSD 210 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE
Functions of the meninges
-Hold structures in place during movement
-Provide support for structures
-Separate Structures
What are the 3 meningeal layers of the brain?
-Dura, Arachnoid, Pia
Dura
Tough, fibrous white layer (top layer)
Arachnoid
Tough but filmy and translucent (separated from pia by subarachnoid space)
Pia
Very thin and fragile (directly apposed to neural tissue in most places)
Arachnoid vilili
Protrusions that poke through the dura into the sinuses where CSF is dumped into
Arachnoid trabecalue
Traverse the space that external arteries and veins run in (in arachnoid)
Falx cerebri
Dural reflections that penetrates the cerebral hemispheres (in dura)
Tentorium cerebelli
Dural reflections between the occipital lobe and cerebellum (in dura)
Dural sinus
Layers separate and form a channel where cerebral veins can empty
Epidural hematoma
Between the dura mater and cranium (this happens if meningeal artery ruptures)
Subdural hematom
Bleeding between the dural and arachnoid if a vein tears near a venous sinus
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Bleeding within subarachnoid space
Formation of cerebral spinal fluid
-Clear, colorless liquid produced by choroid plexus
-Circulates from ventricles into subarachnoid space
-Located in the center of the lateral and fourth ventricles
Hydrocephalus
Abnormal enlargement of cerebral ventricles
Cerebral Spinal Fluid circulation and absorption
CSF is absorbed through arachnoid granulations (arachnoid villi) which are one way
openings
-These tufted structures protrude into the dural sinus and empty CSF into superior
sagittal sinus
-Completely replaced every 24 hours
, What does external carotid supply?
Facial muscles, forehead, oral and nasal cavities
What does internal carotid supply?
Internal structures of the brain
What does anterior cerebral artery supply?
Supplies corpus callosum, medial aspects of frontal and parietal lobes
What does the middle cerebral artery supply?
Supply to insula and most of the lateral aspect of the hemispheres, supply to the pre
and post central gyro
What does the posterior spinal artery supply?
Posterior 1/3 of spinal cord
What does the anterior spinal artery supply?
Anterior 2/3 of spinal cord
What does the Posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?
Inferior cerebellum
What does the Anterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?
Anterior portions of the cerebellum, part of pons
What does the superior cerebellar artery supply?
Superior surface of cerebellum and caudal midbrain and pons
What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
Supplies to anterior and inferior lobe, inferior temporal gyri, meidal occipital lobe
What does the basilar artery supply?
Blood supply system for brain and Central Nervous System
What does the vertebral artery supply?
the neck
Hemorrhagic stroke
Bleeding of ruptured vessels, weakened artery ruptures under pressure, common site is
lenticulostriate arteries
Ischemic stroke
Caused by thrombus and embolus
Thrombus
a clot formed within a vessle
Embolus
Part of a blood clot or plaque traveling through the blood stream
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Temporary disruption of blood supply, results in complete recovery, caused by thrombi
or emboli which are broken down by normal body mechanisms
Aneurism
Balloon like swelling of arterial walls, occur where arteries bifurcate (divide into 2
branches), can cause pressure on brain structures or rupture and result in bleeding
Arteriovenous malformation
Congenital condition where tangled dilated arteries become connected in a local area,
with age they become large and susceptible to hemorrhage
Barriers in the brain
LATEST UPDATE
Functions of the meninges
-Hold structures in place during movement
-Provide support for structures
-Separate Structures
What are the 3 meningeal layers of the brain?
-Dura, Arachnoid, Pia
Dura
Tough, fibrous white layer (top layer)
Arachnoid
Tough but filmy and translucent (separated from pia by subarachnoid space)
Pia
Very thin and fragile (directly apposed to neural tissue in most places)
Arachnoid vilili
Protrusions that poke through the dura into the sinuses where CSF is dumped into
Arachnoid trabecalue
Traverse the space that external arteries and veins run in (in arachnoid)
Falx cerebri
Dural reflections that penetrates the cerebral hemispheres (in dura)
Tentorium cerebelli
Dural reflections between the occipital lobe and cerebellum (in dura)
Dural sinus
Layers separate and form a channel where cerebral veins can empty
Epidural hematoma
Between the dura mater and cranium (this happens if meningeal artery ruptures)
Subdural hematom
Bleeding between the dural and arachnoid if a vein tears near a venous sinus
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Bleeding within subarachnoid space
Formation of cerebral spinal fluid
-Clear, colorless liquid produced by choroid plexus
-Circulates from ventricles into subarachnoid space
-Located in the center of the lateral and fourth ventricles
Hydrocephalus
Abnormal enlargement of cerebral ventricles
Cerebral Spinal Fluid circulation and absorption
CSF is absorbed through arachnoid granulations (arachnoid villi) which are one way
openings
-These tufted structures protrude into the dural sinus and empty CSF into superior
sagittal sinus
-Completely replaced every 24 hours
, What does external carotid supply?
Facial muscles, forehead, oral and nasal cavities
What does internal carotid supply?
Internal structures of the brain
What does anterior cerebral artery supply?
Supplies corpus callosum, medial aspects of frontal and parietal lobes
What does the middle cerebral artery supply?
Supply to insula and most of the lateral aspect of the hemispheres, supply to the pre
and post central gyro
What does the posterior spinal artery supply?
Posterior 1/3 of spinal cord
What does the anterior spinal artery supply?
Anterior 2/3 of spinal cord
What does the Posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?
Inferior cerebellum
What does the Anterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?
Anterior portions of the cerebellum, part of pons
What does the superior cerebellar artery supply?
Superior surface of cerebellum and caudal midbrain and pons
What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
Supplies to anterior and inferior lobe, inferior temporal gyri, meidal occipital lobe
What does the basilar artery supply?
Blood supply system for brain and Central Nervous System
What does the vertebral artery supply?
the neck
Hemorrhagic stroke
Bleeding of ruptured vessels, weakened artery ruptures under pressure, common site is
lenticulostriate arteries
Ischemic stroke
Caused by thrombus and embolus
Thrombus
a clot formed within a vessle
Embolus
Part of a blood clot or plaque traveling through the blood stream
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Temporary disruption of blood supply, results in complete recovery, caused by thrombi
or emboli which are broken down by normal body mechanisms
Aneurism
Balloon like swelling of arterial walls, occur where arteries bifurcate (divide into 2
branches), can cause pressure on brain structures or rupture and result in bleeding
Arteriovenous malformation
Congenital condition where tangled dilated arteries become connected in a local area,
with age they become large and susceptible to hemorrhage
Barriers in the brain
