CSD 210 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Afferent
Used to describe the pathway of information as it moves foward the brain. Afferent
pathways carry sensory information from the distal body structures to the brain; such
pathways are also called ascending pathways.
Allocortex
In evolutionary terms, the original and older human brain. It and the neocortex compose
the cerebrum.
Arachnoid Mater
The second layer of the meninges. A delicate membrane separated from the pia mater
by the subarachnoid space.
Axon
The single efferent nerve extension from the cell body neuron. Extends from the cell
body for a siatance of 1mm to 1m, at which point it arborizes into a number of terminal
branches. It, along wiht the dendrites, serves as a vehicle for the cell body to recieve
and transmit information from other neurons.
Brainstem
One of the three divisions of the brain. Sits directly on top of the spinal cord and serves
as a conduit between the rest of the brain and the spinal cord. Comprises the midbrain,
the pons, and the medulla oblongata.
Broca's Area
Named after the French physician Paul Broca. A region of the left frontal love of the
cerebrum, important for the fine coordination of speech output.
Caudal
A positional term that describes the specific nervous system structures along the
horizontal and vertical axes of the neuraxis. With regard to the horizontal axis, it means
"toward the back of the brain." With regard to the veritcal axis, it means "toward the
bottom of the spinal cord."
Cell Body
The center of a neuron, containing its nucleus. One of four parts of a neuron.
Central Nervous System
The brain and the spinal cord.
Cerebellum
One of three major divisions of the brain. Oval-shaped "little brain". Sits posterior to the
brainstem. Its primarily responsible for regulating motor and muscular activity and has
little to do with the "rational" part of the brain that involves conscious planning
responses. It coordinates mortor movements, maintains muscle tone, monitors
movements range and strength, and maintains posture and equilibrium.
Cerebrum
Also known as the cerebral cortex. The largest of the three major divisions of the brain.
Plays roles in language, conceptual thinking, creativity, planning, and the form and
, substances of human thoughts. Consists of right and left hemispheres and is organized
into six lobes of four types; one frontal, one occipital, two temporal, and two parietal
lobes. Comprises the allocortex and the neocortex.
Horizontal Axis
runs from anterior (frontal) pole of the brain to the posterior (occipital) pole.
Vertical Axis
extends from the superior portion of the brain downward along the entire spinal cord.
Neuraxis
the horizontal and vertical axes along which the human nervous system is organized.
Neuroanatomy
anatomy of the nervous system.
Neocortex
newly evolved outer structures. (90% brain matter)
Peripheral Nervous System
cranial and spinal nerves that carry information inward to and outward from the brain
and spinal cord.
Neurophysiology
physiology of the nervous system
Human Nervous System
central nervous system + peripheral nervous system =
Neuroscience
focused branch of the more general disciplines of anatomy and physiology.
Neurolinguistics
structures and functions of the nervous system thats related to language.
Efferent
away from the brain
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
brain imaging used to identify brain structures involved with specific mental functions.
examines changes in blood oxygen level that correspond to changes in neural activity.
Neurons
billions of highly specialized cells that make up the nervous system. Carry electrical-
chemical nerve impulses.
Presynaptic Terminal
Distal end of each terminal branch; sites at which the axonal connection of one neuron
corresponds with the dendritic extension of another neuron.
Dendrites
afferent extensions of a neuron; bring nerve impulses into the cell body from the axonal
projections of other neurons
Neurotransmitters
chemical agents that help transmit information across the synaptic cleft.
Myelin
neruron coating, contributes to the rapid relay of nerve impulses, particularly within
white matter, and protects the neruron.
Myelinization
growth of the myelin sheath; slow process not complete until late in childhood.
Innervate
LATEST UPDATE
Afferent
Used to describe the pathway of information as it moves foward the brain. Afferent
pathways carry sensory information from the distal body structures to the brain; such
pathways are also called ascending pathways.
Allocortex
In evolutionary terms, the original and older human brain. It and the neocortex compose
the cerebrum.
Arachnoid Mater
The second layer of the meninges. A delicate membrane separated from the pia mater
by the subarachnoid space.
Axon
The single efferent nerve extension from the cell body neuron. Extends from the cell
body for a siatance of 1mm to 1m, at which point it arborizes into a number of terminal
branches. It, along wiht the dendrites, serves as a vehicle for the cell body to recieve
and transmit information from other neurons.
Brainstem
One of the three divisions of the brain. Sits directly on top of the spinal cord and serves
as a conduit between the rest of the brain and the spinal cord. Comprises the midbrain,
the pons, and the medulla oblongata.
Broca's Area
Named after the French physician Paul Broca. A region of the left frontal love of the
cerebrum, important for the fine coordination of speech output.
Caudal
A positional term that describes the specific nervous system structures along the
horizontal and vertical axes of the neuraxis. With regard to the horizontal axis, it means
"toward the back of the brain." With regard to the veritcal axis, it means "toward the
bottom of the spinal cord."
Cell Body
The center of a neuron, containing its nucleus. One of four parts of a neuron.
Central Nervous System
The brain and the spinal cord.
Cerebellum
One of three major divisions of the brain. Oval-shaped "little brain". Sits posterior to the
brainstem. Its primarily responsible for regulating motor and muscular activity and has
little to do with the "rational" part of the brain that involves conscious planning
responses. It coordinates mortor movements, maintains muscle tone, monitors
movements range and strength, and maintains posture and equilibrium.
Cerebrum
Also known as the cerebral cortex. The largest of the three major divisions of the brain.
Plays roles in language, conceptual thinking, creativity, planning, and the form and
, substances of human thoughts. Consists of right and left hemispheres and is organized
into six lobes of four types; one frontal, one occipital, two temporal, and two parietal
lobes. Comprises the allocortex and the neocortex.
Horizontal Axis
runs from anterior (frontal) pole of the brain to the posterior (occipital) pole.
Vertical Axis
extends from the superior portion of the brain downward along the entire spinal cord.
Neuraxis
the horizontal and vertical axes along which the human nervous system is organized.
Neuroanatomy
anatomy of the nervous system.
Neocortex
newly evolved outer structures. (90% brain matter)
Peripheral Nervous System
cranial and spinal nerves that carry information inward to and outward from the brain
and spinal cord.
Neurophysiology
physiology of the nervous system
Human Nervous System
central nervous system + peripheral nervous system =
Neuroscience
focused branch of the more general disciplines of anatomy and physiology.
Neurolinguistics
structures and functions of the nervous system thats related to language.
Efferent
away from the brain
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
brain imaging used to identify brain structures involved with specific mental functions.
examines changes in blood oxygen level that correspond to changes in neural activity.
Neurons
billions of highly specialized cells that make up the nervous system. Carry electrical-
chemical nerve impulses.
Presynaptic Terminal
Distal end of each terminal branch; sites at which the axonal connection of one neuron
corresponds with the dendritic extension of another neuron.
Dendrites
afferent extensions of a neuron; bring nerve impulses into the cell body from the axonal
projections of other neurons
Neurotransmitters
chemical agents that help transmit information across the synaptic cleft.
Myelin
neruron coating, contributes to the rapid relay of nerve impulses, particularly within
white matter, and protects the neruron.
Myelinization
growth of the myelin sheath; slow process not complete until late in childhood.
Innervate
