CSD 210 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE
glial cells
cells in the nervous system that provide support framework, metabolize certain
substances, and clean up 'debris' after injuries.
4 types:
- astrocytes: provide nutrients, repair
- oligodendrocytes: provide myelin sheath
- microglia: clean up
- ependymal: line cavities
neurons
function to transmit information via nerve impulses (within a neuron) or synapses
(across).
dendrites
receive impulses & carry information to cell body; many dendrites per neuron
axon
sends impulses & carry information away from cell body; one axon per neuron. Thicker,
myelinated axons conduct faster
axon terminal
establishes contact with another neuron, muscle, or gland. The sit of contact is known
as the synapse
white matter
myelinated axons
tract
a discrete collection of white fibers; fasciculus, lemnisculus, peduncle
gray matter
areas of the brain that appear to be gray (cell bodies)
- nucleus: discrete collection of cell bodies
- cortex: extensive layer of cell bodies
- ganglia: groups of nerve cell bodies found in the PNS
cerebral hemispheres (cerebrum)
two large halves of the brain, connected by the corpus callosum. Important for speech
and language (left side). The left hemisphere controls the muscles on the right side of
the body and vice versa.
gyri
cortical convolutions of the brain (peak)
sulci/fissures
the grooves in the brain (valley)
frontal lobe
responsible for motor control, planning, inhibition, cognitive function, initiation, speech,
and language
pre-central gyrus
, location of the primary motor cortex/motor strip. Responsible for voluntary control of
skeletal muscle on the contralateral side of the body
motor projection areas
primary motor cortex: contralateral movement control
premotor area: important for movement planning
supplementary motor area: control of sequential movement, plays an important role in
speech
broca's area
inferior frontal gyrus in the dominant hemisphere for language. The 'anterior language
area.' Important for SPOKEN language.
Located anterior to the primary motor cortex
prefrontal cortex
Responsible for reasoning, abstract thinking, self-monitoring, decision making, planning,
and pragmatic behaviors
insula
relays somatosensory information. Located beneath the lateral fissure; hidden under the
area where the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes come together. Important in
language function and swallowing.
parietal lobe
responsible for spatial orientation, perception, (touch) sensation, and language
comprehension. Contains angular & supramarginal gyri, important in reading and writing
in dominant hemisphere for language.
- superior parietal lobule: devoted to visuospatial constructions
- inferior parietal lobule: devoted to language functions, especially reading, writing, and
math
post central gyrus
primary somatosensory cortex; primary involved in perception of somatic sensation and
with interpretation and elaboration of sensory experience
temporal lobe
responsible for auditory processing, learning, and memory
wernicke's area
area surrounding the primary auditory cortex; involved in spoken word
COMPREHENSION
medial temporal lobe
includes the hippocampus; involved in memory, bilateral lesions produce lasting loss of
new learning and recent memory
limbic lobe
located on the medial surface of the two hemispheres; surrounds corpus callosum.
Involved in emotion, affect, motivation, drive-related behavior, memory
occipital lobe
a region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information
corpus callosum
myelinated fiber bundle that interconnects most cortical areas of both hemispheres
association cortices
LATEST UPDATE
glial cells
cells in the nervous system that provide support framework, metabolize certain
substances, and clean up 'debris' after injuries.
4 types:
- astrocytes: provide nutrients, repair
- oligodendrocytes: provide myelin sheath
- microglia: clean up
- ependymal: line cavities
neurons
function to transmit information via nerve impulses (within a neuron) or synapses
(across).
dendrites
receive impulses & carry information to cell body; many dendrites per neuron
axon
sends impulses & carry information away from cell body; one axon per neuron. Thicker,
myelinated axons conduct faster
axon terminal
establishes contact with another neuron, muscle, or gland. The sit of contact is known
as the synapse
white matter
myelinated axons
tract
a discrete collection of white fibers; fasciculus, lemnisculus, peduncle
gray matter
areas of the brain that appear to be gray (cell bodies)
- nucleus: discrete collection of cell bodies
- cortex: extensive layer of cell bodies
- ganglia: groups of nerve cell bodies found in the PNS
cerebral hemispheres (cerebrum)
two large halves of the brain, connected by the corpus callosum. Important for speech
and language (left side). The left hemisphere controls the muscles on the right side of
the body and vice versa.
gyri
cortical convolutions of the brain (peak)
sulci/fissures
the grooves in the brain (valley)
frontal lobe
responsible for motor control, planning, inhibition, cognitive function, initiation, speech,
and language
pre-central gyrus
, location of the primary motor cortex/motor strip. Responsible for voluntary control of
skeletal muscle on the contralateral side of the body
motor projection areas
primary motor cortex: contralateral movement control
premotor area: important for movement planning
supplementary motor area: control of sequential movement, plays an important role in
speech
broca's area
inferior frontal gyrus in the dominant hemisphere for language. The 'anterior language
area.' Important for SPOKEN language.
Located anterior to the primary motor cortex
prefrontal cortex
Responsible for reasoning, abstract thinking, self-monitoring, decision making, planning,
and pragmatic behaviors
insula
relays somatosensory information. Located beneath the lateral fissure; hidden under the
area where the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes come together. Important in
language function and swallowing.
parietal lobe
responsible for spatial orientation, perception, (touch) sensation, and language
comprehension. Contains angular & supramarginal gyri, important in reading and writing
in dominant hemisphere for language.
- superior parietal lobule: devoted to visuospatial constructions
- inferior parietal lobule: devoted to language functions, especially reading, writing, and
math
post central gyrus
primary somatosensory cortex; primary involved in perception of somatic sensation and
with interpretation and elaboration of sensory experience
temporal lobe
responsible for auditory processing, learning, and memory
wernicke's area
area surrounding the primary auditory cortex; involved in spoken word
COMPREHENSION
medial temporal lobe
includes the hippocampus; involved in memory, bilateral lesions produce lasting loss of
new learning and recent memory
limbic lobe
located on the medial surface of the two hemispheres; surrounds corpus callosum.
Involved in emotion, affect, motivation, drive-related behavior, memory
occipital lobe
a region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information
corpus callosum
myelinated fiber bundle that interconnects most cortical areas of both hemispheres
association cortices
