Pathophysiologyu6thuEditionuBanasikuTestuBank
Chapteru01:uIntroductionutouPathophysiologyuBa
nasik:uPathophysiology,u6thuEdition
MULTIPLEuCHOICE
1. C.Q.uwasurecentlyuexposedutougroupuAuhemolyticuStreptococcusuandusubsequentlyudevelopedu
aupharyngealuinfection.uHisuclinicuexaminationurevealsuanuoralutemperatureuofu102.3F,uskinura
sh,udysphagia,uandureddeneduthroatumucosauwithumultipleupustules.uHeucomplainsuofusoreuthro
at,umalaise,uandujointustiffness.uAuthroatucultureuisupositiveuforuStreptococcus,uand
antibioticsuhaveubeenuprescribed.uTheuetiologyuofuC.Q.’sudiseaseuis
a. ausoreuthroat.
b. streptococcaluinfection.
c. geneticususceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:u u B
Etiologyurefersutoutheuproposeducauseuorucausesuofuauparticularudiseaseuprocess.uAusoreuthroatuis
utheumanifestationuofutheudiseaseuprocess.uGeneticususceptibilityurefersutouinheritedutendencyut
oudevelopuaudisease.uPharyngitisurefersutouinflammationuofutheuthroatuanduisualsouauclinicaluman
ifestationuofutheudiseaseuprocess.
2. Au17-year-olducollege-
boundustudentureceivesuauvaccineuagainstuanuorganismuthatucausesumeningitis.uThisuisuanue
xampleuof
a. primaryuprevention.
b. secondaryuprevention.
c. tertiaryuprevention. NURSINGTB.COM
d. diseaseutreatment.
ANS:u u A
Primaryupreventionuisupreventionuofudiseaseubyualteringususceptibilityuorureducinguexposureufo
rususceptibleuindividualsubyuprovidinguvaccination.uSecondaryupreventionuisutheuearlyudetectio
n,uscreening,uandumanagementuofutheudisease.uTertiaryupreventionuincludesurehabilitativeuandu
supportiveucareuanduattemptsutoualleviateudisabilityuandurestoreueffectiveufunctioning.uDiseaseu
treatmentuinvolvesumanagementuofutheudiseaseuonceuituhasudeveloped.
3. Anuobeseubutuotherwiseuhealthyuteenuisugivenuauprescriptionuforuaulow-
calorieudietuanduexerciseuprogram.uThisuisuanuexampleuof
a. primaryuprevention.
b. secondaryuprevention.
c. tertiaryuprevention.
d. diseaseutreatment.
ANS:u u B
Secondaryupreventionuisutheuearlyudetection,uscreening,uandumanagementuofutheudiseaseusuchua
suprescribingudietuanduexerciseuforuanuindividualuwhouhasualreadyudevelopeduobesity.
Primaryupreventionuisupreventionuofudiseaseubyualteringususceptibilityuorureducinguexposureufo
rususceptibleuindividuals.uTertiaryupreventionuincludesurehabilitativeuandusupportiveucareuandu
attemptsutoualleviateudisabilityuandurestoreueffectiveufunctioning.uDiseaseutreatmentuinvolvesu
managementuofutheudiseaseuonceuituhasudeveloped.
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4. Aupatientuwithuhighubloodupressureuwhouisuotherwiseuhealthyuisucounseledutourestrictusodiumui
ntake.uThisuisuanuexampleuof
a. primaryuprevention.
b. secondaryuprevention.
c. tertiaryuprevention.
d. diseaseutreatment.
ANS:u u B
Secondaryupreventionuisutheuearlyudetection,uscreening,uandumanagementuofutheudisease,usuchua
subyuprescribingusodiumurestrictionuforuhighubloodupressure.uPrimaryupreventionuisupreventionu
ofudiseaseubyualteringususceptibilityuorureducinguexposureuforususceptibleuindividuals.uTertiary
upreventionuincludesurehabilitativeuandusupportiveucareuanduattemptsutoualleviateudisabilityuand
urestoreueffectiveufunctioning.uDiseaseutreatmentuinvolvesumanagementuofutheudiseaseuonceuitu
hasudeveloped.
5. Afterusufferinguauheartuattack,uaumiddle-agedumanuisucounseledutoutakeuaucholesterol-
loweringumedication.uThisuisuanuexampleuof
a. primaryuprevention.
b. secondaryuprevention.
c. tertiaryuprevention.
d. diseaseutreatment.
ANS:u u C
Tertiaryupreventionuincludesurehabilitativeuandusupportiveucareuanduattemptsutoualleviateudisa
bilityuandurestoreueffectiveufunctioningusuchuasuprescribinguaucholesterol-
loweringumedicationufollowinguauheartuattack.uPrimaryupreventionuisupreventionuofudiseaseubyu
altering
NuRuIuGuB.CuM
susceptibilityuorureducingu e x pUo s uSr e ufN
o r usT
usceptibOle u individuals.uSecondaryu preventionuisuthe
earlyudetection,uscreening,uandumanagementuofutheudisease.uDiseaseutreatmentuinvolvesumanag
ementuofutheudiseaseuonceuituhasudeveloped.
6. Aupatientuhasubeenuexposedutoumeningococcalumeningitis,ubutuisunotuyetudemonstratingusignsuo
futhisudisease.uThisustageuofuillnessuisucalledutheu stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS:u u B
Incubationurefersutoutheuintervalubetweenuexposureuofuautissueutouanuinjuriousuagentuandutheufirs
tuappearanceuofusignsuandusymptoms.uInuinfectiousudiseases,uthisuperioduisuoftenucalledutheuincu
bationu(latent)uperiod.uProdromalurefersutoutheuappearanceuofutheufirstusignsuandusymptomsuind
icatingutheuonsetuofuaudisease.uTheseuareuoftenunonspecific,usuchuasuheadache,umalaise,uanorexi
a,uandunausea,uwhichuareuassociateduwithuaunumberuofudifferentudiseases.
Sequelaurefersutousubsequentupathologicuconditionuresultingufromuaudisease.uConvalescenceuisuth
eustageuofurecoveryuafteruaudisease,uinjury,uorusurgicaluoperation.
7. Audiseaseuthatuisunativeutouauparticularuregionuisucalled
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
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, Pathophysiologyu6thuEditionuBanasikuTestuBank
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS:u u B
Audiseaseuthatuisunativeutouauparticularuregionuisucalleduendemic.uAnuepidemicuisuaudiseaseuthatu
spreadsutoumanyuindividualsuatutheusameutime.uPandemicsuareuepidemicsuthatuaffectulargeugeog
raphicuregions,uperhapsuspreadinguworldwide.
8. Inugeneral,uwithuaging,uorganusizeuandufunction
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remainutheusame.
d. areuunknown.
ANS:u u B
Inugeneral,uwithuaging,uorganusizeuandufunctionudecrease.
9. Theustageuduringuwhichutheupatientufunctionsunormally,ualthoughutheudiseaseuprocessesuareu
welluestablished,uisureferredutouas
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS:u u B
Theustageuduringuwhichutheupatientufunctionsunormally,ualthoughutheudiseaseuprocessesuareuwe
lluestablished,uisucalledutheusubclinicalustage.uTheuintervalubetweenuexposureuofuautissueutouanuin
juriousuagentuandutheufN st R
irU apSpI
eaNraGnT
ceBo.
fuC
sigOnM
suandusymptomsumayubeucalleduaulatent
perioduor,uinutheucaseuofuinfectiousudiseases,uanuincubationuperiod.uTheuprodromaluperiod,uor
prodrome,urefersutoutheuappearanceuofutheufirstusignsuandusymptomsuindicatingutheuonsetuofuaudis
ease.uConvalescenceuisutheustageuofurecoveryuafteruaudisease,uinjury,uorusurgicaluoperation.
MULTIPLEuRESPONSE
1. Yourupatient’suredublooducelluisuslightlyuelevatedutoday.uThisumightubeuexplainedubyu(Selectua
lluthatuapply.)
a. genderudifference.
b. situationalufactors.
c. normaluvariation.
d. culturaluvariation.
e. illness.
ANS:u u A,uB,uC,uE
Gender,usituationsu(e.g.,ualtitude),unormaluvariations,uanduillnessumayualludetermineuredublooduc
ellucount.uCultureuaffectsuhowumanifestationsuareuperceivedu(normaluversusuabnormal).
2. Socioeconomicufactorsuinfluenceudiseaseudevelopmentubecauseuofu(Selectualluthatuapply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmentalutoxins.
c. overcrowding.
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d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
ANS:u u B,uC,uD,uE
Socioeconomicufactorsuinfluenceudiseaseudevelopmentuviauexposureutouenvironmentalutoxinsu(oc
cupational)uanduovercrowding,unutritionu(over-
uoruundernutrition),uanduhygieneu(e.g.,uinudevelopingucountries).uGeneticsuisunotuinfluencedubyus
ocioeconomicufactors.
TRUE/FALSE
1. Whenutheucauseuisuunknown,uauconditionuisusaidutoubeuidiopathicu
ANS:u T
Manyudiseasesuareuidiopathicuinunature.
2. Theunurseuisuswabbinguaupatient’suthroatutoutestuforustreptococcalupharyngitis.uTheunurseumustuu
nderstanduthatutestsusuchuasuthisudifferuinutheuprobabilityuthatutheyuwillubeupositiveuforuauconditi
onuwhenuappliedutouaupersonuwithutheucondition;uthisuprobabilityuisutermedusensitivity.
ANS:u u T
Theusensitivityuofuanyutesturefersutoutheuprobabilityuthatutheutestuwillubeupositiveuwhenuappliedut
ouaupersonuwithutheuconditionuanduwillunotuprovideuaufalseunegativeuresult.uInucontrast,uspecifici
tyuisutheuprobabilityuthatuautestuwillubeunegativeuwhenuappliedutouaupersonuwhoudoesunotuhaveuau
givenucondition.
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NURSINGTB.COM
Chapteru01:uIntroductionutouPathophysiologyuBa
nasik:uPathophysiology,u6thuEdition
MULTIPLEuCHOICE
1. C.Q.uwasurecentlyuexposedutougroupuAuhemolyticuStreptococcusuandusubsequentlyudevelopedu
aupharyngealuinfection.uHisuclinicuexaminationurevealsuanuoralutemperatureuofu102.3F,uskinura
sh,udysphagia,uandureddeneduthroatumucosauwithumultipleupustules.uHeucomplainsuofusoreuthro
at,umalaise,uandujointustiffness.uAuthroatucultureuisupositiveuforuStreptococcus,uand
antibioticsuhaveubeenuprescribed.uTheuetiologyuofuC.Q.’sudiseaseuis
a. ausoreuthroat.
b. streptococcaluinfection.
c. geneticususceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:u u B
Etiologyurefersutoutheuproposeducauseuorucausesuofuauparticularudiseaseuprocess.uAusoreuthroatuis
utheumanifestationuofutheudiseaseuprocess.uGeneticususceptibilityurefersutouinheritedutendencyut
oudevelopuaudisease.uPharyngitisurefersutouinflammationuofutheuthroatuanduisualsouauclinicaluman
ifestationuofutheudiseaseuprocess.
2. Au17-year-olducollege-
boundustudentureceivesuauvaccineuagainstuanuorganismuthatucausesumeningitis.uThisuisuanue
xampleuof
a. primaryuprevention.
b. secondaryuprevention.
c. tertiaryuprevention. NURSINGTB.COM
d. diseaseutreatment.
ANS:u u A
Primaryupreventionuisupreventionuofudiseaseubyualteringususceptibilityuorureducinguexposureufo
rususceptibleuindividualsubyuprovidinguvaccination.uSecondaryupreventionuisutheuearlyudetectio
n,uscreening,uandumanagementuofutheudisease.uTertiaryupreventionuincludesurehabilitativeuandu
supportiveucareuanduattemptsutoualleviateudisabilityuandurestoreueffectiveufunctioning.uDiseaseu
treatmentuinvolvesumanagementuofutheudiseaseuonceuituhasudeveloped.
3. Anuobeseubutuotherwiseuhealthyuteenuisugivenuauprescriptionuforuaulow-
calorieudietuanduexerciseuprogram.uThisuisuanuexampleuof
a. primaryuprevention.
b. secondaryuprevention.
c. tertiaryuprevention.
d. diseaseutreatment.
ANS:u u B
Secondaryupreventionuisutheuearlyudetection,uscreening,uandumanagementuofutheudiseaseusuchua
suprescribingudietuanduexerciseuforuanuindividualuwhouhasualreadyudevelopeduobesity.
Primaryupreventionuisupreventionuofudiseaseubyualteringususceptibilityuorureducinguexposureufo
rususceptibleuindividuals.uTertiaryupreventionuincludesurehabilitativeuandusupportiveucareuandu
attemptsutoualleviateudisabilityuandurestoreueffectiveufunctioning.uDiseaseutreatmentuinvolvesu
managementuofutheudiseaseuonceuituhasudeveloped.
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, Pathophysiologyu6thuEditionuBanasikuTestuBank
4. Aupatientuwithuhighubloodupressureuwhouisuotherwiseuhealthyuisucounseledutourestrictusodiumui
ntake.uThisuisuanuexampleuof
a. primaryuprevention.
b. secondaryuprevention.
c. tertiaryuprevention.
d. diseaseutreatment.
ANS:u u B
Secondaryupreventionuisutheuearlyudetection,uscreening,uandumanagementuofutheudisease,usuchua
subyuprescribingusodiumurestrictionuforuhighubloodupressure.uPrimaryupreventionuisupreventionu
ofudiseaseubyualteringususceptibilityuorureducinguexposureuforususceptibleuindividuals.uTertiary
upreventionuincludesurehabilitativeuandusupportiveucareuanduattemptsutoualleviateudisabilityuand
urestoreueffectiveufunctioning.uDiseaseutreatmentuinvolvesumanagementuofutheudiseaseuonceuitu
hasudeveloped.
5. Afterusufferinguauheartuattack,uaumiddle-agedumanuisucounseledutoutakeuaucholesterol-
loweringumedication.uThisuisuanuexampleuof
a. primaryuprevention.
b. secondaryuprevention.
c. tertiaryuprevention.
d. diseaseutreatment.
ANS:u u C
Tertiaryupreventionuincludesurehabilitativeuandusupportiveucareuanduattemptsutoualleviateudisa
bilityuandurestoreueffectiveufunctioningusuchuasuprescribinguaucholesterol-
loweringumedicationufollowinguauheartuattack.uPrimaryupreventionuisupreventionuofudiseaseubyu
altering
NuRuIuGuB.CuM
susceptibilityuorureducingu e x pUo s uSr e ufN
o r usT
usceptibOle u individuals.uSecondaryu preventionuisuthe
earlyudetection,uscreening,uandumanagementuofutheudisease.uDiseaseutreatmentuinvolvesumanag
ementuofutheudiseaseuonceuituhasudeveloped.
6. Aupatientuhasubeenuexposedutoumeningococcalumeningitis,ubutuisunotuyetudemonstratingusignsuo
futhisudisease.uThisustageuofuillnessuisucalledutheu stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS:u u B
Incubationurefersutoutheuintervalubetweenuexposureuofuautissueutouanuinjuriousuagentuandutheufirs
tuappearanceuofusignsuandusymptoms.uInuinfectiousudiseases,uthisuperioduisuoftenucalledutheuincu
bationu(latent)uperiod.uProdromalurefersutoutheuappearanceuofutheufirstusignsuandusymptomsuind
icatingutheuonsetuofuaudisease.uTheseuareuoftenunonspecific,usuchuasuheadache,umalaise,uanorexi
a,uandunausea,uwhichuareuassociateduwithuaunumberuofudifferentudiseases.
Sequelaurefersutousubsequentupathologicuconditionuresultingufromuaudisease.uConvalescenceuisuth
eustageuofurecoveryuafteruaudisease,uinjury,uorusurgicaluoperation.
7. Audiseaseuthatuisunativeutouauparticularuregionuisucalled
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
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, Pathophysiologyu6thuEditionuBanasikuTestuBank
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS:u u B
Audiseaseuthatuisunativeutouauparticularuregionuisucalleduendemic.uAnuepidemicuisuaudiseaseuthatu
spreadsutoumanyuindividualsuatutheusameutime.uPandemicsuareuepidemicsuthatuaffectulargeugeog
raphicuregions,uperhapsuspreadinguworldwide.
8. Inugeneral,uwithuaging,uorganusizeuandufunction
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remainutheusame.
d. areuunknown.
ANS:u u B
Inugeneral,uwithuaging,uorganusizeuandufunctionudecrease.
9. Theustageuduringuwhichutheupatientufunctionsunormally,ualthoughutheudiseaseuprocessesuareu
welluestablished,uisureferredutouas
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS:u u B
Theustageuduringuwhichutheupatientufunctionsunormally,ualthoughutheudiseaseuprocessesuareuwe
lluestablished,uisucalledutheusubclinicalustage.uTheuintervalubetweenuexposureuofuautissueutouanuin
juriousuagentuandutheufN st R
irU apSpI
eaNraGnT
ceBo.
fuC
sigOnM
suandusymptomsumayubeucalleduaulatent
perioduor,uinutheucaseuofuinfectiousudiseases,uanuincubationuperiod.uTheuprodromaluperiod,uor
prodrome,urefersutoutheuappearanceuofutheufirstusignsuandusymptomsuindicatingutheuonsetuofuaudis
ease.uConvalescenceuisutheustageuofurecoveryuafteruaudisease,uinjury,uorusurgicaluoperation.
MULTIPLEuRESPONSE
1. Yourupatient’suredublooducelluisuslightlyuelevatedutoday.uThisumightubeuexplainedubyu(Selectua
lluthatuapply.)
a. genderudifference.
b. situationalufactors.
c. normaluvariation.
d. culturaluvariation.
e. illness.
ANS:u u A,uB,uC,uE
Gender,usituationsu(e.g.,ualtitude),unormaluvariations,uanduillnessumayualludetermineuredublooduc
ellucount.uCultureuaffectsuhowumanifestationsuareuperceivedu(normaluversusuabnormal).
2. Socioeconomicufactorsuinfluenceudiseaseudevelopmentubecauseuofu(Selectualluthatuapply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmentalutoxins.
c. overcrowding.
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d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
ANS:u u B,uC,uD,uE
Socioeconomicufactorsuinfluenceudiseaseudevelopmentuviauexposureutouenvironmentalutoxinsu(oc
cupational)uanduovercrowding,unutritionu(over-
uoruundernutrition),uanduhygieneu(e.g.,uinudevelopingucountries).uGeneticsuisunotuinfluencedubyus
ocioeconomicufactors.
TRUE/FALSE
1. Whenutheucauseuisuunknown,uauconditionuisusaidutoubeuidiopathicu
ANS:u T
Manyudiseasesuareuidiopathicuinunature.
2. Theunurseuisuswabbinguaupatient’suthroatutoutestuforustreptococcalupharyngitis.uTheunurseumustuu
nderstanduthatutestsusuchuasuthisudifferuinutheuprobabilityuthatutheyuwillubeupositiveuforuauconditi
onuwhenuappliedutouaupersonuwithutheucondition;uthisuprobabilityuisutermedusensitivity.
ANS:u u T
Theusensitivityuofuanyutesturefersutoutheuprobabilityuthatutheutestuwillubeupositiveuwhenuappliedut
ouaupersonuwithutheuconditionuanduwillunotuprovideuaufalseunegativeuresult.uInucontrast,uspecifici
tyuisutheuprobabilityuthatuautestuwillubeunegativeuwhenuappliedutouaupersonuwhoudoesunotuhaveuau
givenucondition.
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