BIO 1040 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE
pathogen
A pathogen is an agent in the environment that has the potential to cause disease.
immune system
The immune system is a collection of cells and organs that protect an organism's body
from agents that can cause disease.
innate immunity
Innate immunity describes a set of defenses that is always at the ready and is the same
whether a particular infectious agent has been encountered before or not.
adaptive immunity
Adaptive immunity describes a set of defenses that is customized to each infectious
agent, providing a stronger response when an agent has been encountered before.
phagocytosis
Phagocytosis describes the process of engulfing and destroying a foreign particle.
complement system
The complement system is a set of proteins that circulate in the blood, stimulating other
defenses to help destroy an invader.
A cell that releases interferon is _____.
-a macrophage
-signaling other cells that it has been infected by a virus
-protecting itself against viral infection
-a cancer cell
signaling other cells that it has been infected by a virus
Interferons are proteins that interfere with viral infections. Virus-infected body cells
secrete interferon proteins, which induce nearby uninfected cells to produce substances
that inhibit viral replication. In this way, interferons limit the cell-to-cell spread of viruses
in the body.
Which of the following statements regarding innate immunity is correct?
-External barriers such as the skin barrier, exoskeleton, and mucous membranes
contribute to innate immunity.
-It responds only when the pathogen has previously been encountered.
-The main cells involved in an innate immune response are lymphocytes and
antibodies.
-It is only found in vertebrates.
External barriers such as the skin barrier, exoskeleton, and mucous membranes
contribute to innate immunity.
,In addition to those barriers, there are internal defenses such as phagocytic cells and
inflammatory cells that help elicit an innate immune response.
Which of these attack cancer cells?
-memory cells
-natural killer cells
-neutrophils
-macrophages
natural killer cells
Natural killer cells recognize cancer cells and virus-infected cells and release chemicals
that cause the death of these cells.
The first line of defense against infection is _____.
-the inflammatory response
-the immune system
-the skin and mucous membranes
-antibiotics
the skin and mucous membranes
Which of the following inflammatory responses is characteristic of only a
systemic response?
-Blood vessels dilate and become leaky.
-Redness, heat, and swelling occur.
-Body temperature drops.
-Bacteria and toxins enter the bloodstream, and the white blood cell count
increases significantly.
Part complete
Which of the following inflammatory responses is characteristic of only a systemic
response?
View Available Hint(s)
Blood vessels dilate and become leaky.
Redness, heat, and swelling occur.
Body temperature drops.
Bacteria and toxins enter the bloodstream, and the white blood cell count increases
significantly.
Following tissue damage or the entry of microorganisms, an inflammatory
response may be initiated by the _____.
-accumulation of phagocytes in an injured area
-release of interferon by infected cells
-release of histamine by mast cells
-increased blood flow to an infected or injured area
, release of histamine by mast cells
At the injury site, mast cells (white blood cells that reside in connective tissue) release
histamine, which induces neighboring blood capillaries to dilate and become leaky.
Which of the following is part of the inflammatory response?
-massive production of antibodies
-division of B and T lymphocytes to produce an army of effector cells
-constriction of the arterioles
-dilation of the capillaries
dilation of the capillaries
What is the key difference between active immunity and passive immunity?
-Active immunity does not come from a shot, but passive immunity can.
-Active immunity refers to the actions that are currently going on in the body, and
passive immunity refers to a latent immune response.
-Passive immunity can be brought on only by artificial means; only the body can
produce active immunity.
-In active immunity, a body produces its own antibodies; in passive immunity, a
person receives pre-made antibodies.
In active immunity, a body produces its own antibodies; in passive immunity, a person
receives pre-made antibodies.
Active immunity lasts for a long time because the body will respond to the same antigen
again with the same antibodies. Passive immunity lasts only as long as the antibodies
last.
An antigen is a(n) _____.
-invading virus or bacterium
-foreign molecule that evokes an immune response
-type of white blood cell
-protein molecule that helps defend the body against disease
foreign molecule that evokes an immune response
Antigen molecules can belong to any type of organism, or to products of organisms
such as pollen or feces.
Passive immunity can be obtained from _____.
-an injection of antibodies that recognize invading microbes
-white blood cells that fight infection
-a hormone that boosts the immune response
-an injection of inactivated disease-causing microbes
an injection of antibodies that recognize invading microbes
Passive immunity can be transferred artificially by injecting antibodies from an animal
LATEST UPDATE
pathogen
A pathogen is an agent in the environment that has the potential to cause disease.
immune system
The immune system is a collection of cells and organs that protect an organism's body
from agents that can cause disease.
innate immunity
Innate immunity describes a set of defenses that is always at the ready and is the same
whether a particular infectious agent has been encountered before or not.
adaptive immunity
Adaptive immunity describes a set of defenses that is customized to each infectious
agent, providing a stronger response when an agent has been encountered before.
phagocytosis
Phagocytosis describes the process of engulfing and destroying a foreign particle.
complement system
The complement system is a set of proteins that circulate in the blood, stimulating other
defenses to help destroy an invader.
A cell that releases interferon is _____.
-a macrophage
-signaling other cells that it has been infected by a virus
-protecting itself against viral infection
-a cancer cell
signaling other cells that it has been infected by a virus
Interferons are proteins that interfere with viral infections. Virus-infected body cells
secrete interferon proteins, which induce nearby uninfected cells to produce substances
that inhibit viral replication. In this way, interferons limit the cell-to-cell spread of viruses
in the body.
Which of the following statements regarding innate immunity is correct?
-External barriers such as the skin barrier, exoskeleton, and mucous membranes
contribute to innate immunity.
-It responds only when the pathogen has previously been encountered.
-The main cells involved in an innate immune response are lymphocytes and
antibodies.
-It is only found in vertebrates.
External barriers such as the skin barrier, exoskeleton, and mucous membranes
contribute to innate immunity.
,In addition to those barriers, there are internal defenses such as phagocytic cells and
inflammatory cells that help elicit an innate immune response.
Which of these attack cancer cells?
-memory cells
-natural killer cells
-neutrophils
-macrophages
natural killer cells
Natural killer cells recognize cancer cells and virus-infected cells and release chemicals
that cause the death of these cells.
The first line of defense against infection is _____.
-the inflammatory response
-the immune system
-the skin and mucous membranes
-antibiotics
the skin and mucous membranes
Which of the following inflammatory responses is characteristic of only a
systemic response?
-Blood vessels dilate and become leaky.
-Redness, heat, and swelling occur.
-Body temperature drops.
-Bacteria and toxins enter the bloodstream, and the white blood cell count
increases significantly.
Part complete
Which of the following inflammatory responses is characteristic of only a systemic
response?
View Available Hint(s)
Blood vessels dilate and become leaky.
Redness, heat, and swelling occur.
Body temperature drops.
Bacteria and toxins enter the bloodstream, and the white blood cell count increases
significantly.
Following tissue damage or the entry of microorganisms, an inflammatory
response may be initiated by the _____.
-accumulation of phagocytes in an injured area
-release of interferon by infected cells
-release of histamine by mast cells
-increased blood flow to an infected or injured area
, release of histamine by mast cells
At the injury site, mast cells (white blood cells that reside in connective tissue) release
histamine, which induces neighboring blood capillaries to dilate and become leaky.
Which of the following is part of the inflammatory response?
-massive production of antibodies
-division of B and T lymphocytes to produce an army of effector cells
-constriction of the arterioles
-dilation of the capillaries
dilation of the capillaries
What is the key difference between active immunity and passive immunity?
-Active immunity does not come from a shot, but passive immunity can.
-Active immunity refers to the actions that are currently going on in the body, and
passive immunity refers to a latent immune response.
-Passive immunity can be brought on only by artificial means; only the body can
produce active immunity.
-In active immunity, a body produces its own antibodies; in passive immunity, a
person receives pre-made antibodies.
In active immunity, a body produces its own antibodies; in passive immunity, a person
receives pre-made antibodies.
Active immunity lasts for a long time because the body will respond to the same antigen
again with the same antibodies. Passive immunity lasts only as long as the antibodies
last.
An antigen is a(n) _____.
-invading virus or bacterium
-foreign molecule that evokes an immune response
-type of white blood cell
-protein molecule that helps defend the body against disease
foreign molecule that evokes an immune response
Antigen molecules can belong to any type of organism, or to products of organisms
such as pollen or feces.
Passive immunity can be obtained from _____.
-an injection of antibodies that recognize invading microbes
-white blood cells that fight infection
-a hormone that boosts the immune response
-an injection of inactivated disease-causing microbes
an injection of antibodies that recognize invading microbes
Passive immunity can be transferred artificially by injecting antibodies from an animal
