BIO 1040 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE
nutrients
chemical components in food that our body needs to live, grow, and repair itself
essential nutrients
nutrients the body cannot synthesize — you must consume it to get it
nonessential nutrients
nutrients the body can make on its own
macronutrients
the building blocks for the body: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
micronutrients
participates in biological processes and chemical reactions: vitamins and minerals
minerals
inorganic elements needed in chemical processes or to cofactors enzymes —
deficiency and excess result in disorders — calcium, iron, potassium, sodium
vitamins
organic compounds, coenzymes that aid enzymes
water-soluble vitamins
deficiency results in disorders but excess is just peed out — ex. thiamine, B12, folate, C
fat-soluble vitamins
deficiency and excess results in disorders because excess is stored in fat cells — ex. A,
D, E, K
atoms
smallest unit of an element where its properties remain intact — all matter is composed
of atoms
electrons
negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus
neutrons
uncharged particles in the nucleus
protons
positively charged particles in the nucleus
atomic number
the number of protons — determines the identity of an atom
atomic mass
the number of protons + neutrons
molecules
when two or more atoms are joined
organic molecules
molecules with a backbone of carbon (C-C) and at least one hydrogen (C-H) — makes
up living things
inorganic molecules
molecules that lack C-C and C-H bonds — found in non living things
LATEST UPDATE
nutrients
chemical components in food that our body needs to live, grow, and repair itself
essential nutrients
nutrients the body cannot synthesize — you must consume it to get it
nonessential nutrients
nutrients the body can make on its own
macronutrients
the building blocks for the body: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
micronutrients
participates in biological processes and chemical reactions: vitamins and minerals
minerals
inorganic elements needed in chemical processes or to cofactors enzymes —
deficiency and excess result in disorders — calcium, iron, potassium, sodium
vitamins
organic compounds, coenzymes that aid enzymes
water-soluble vitamins
deficiency results in disorders but excess is just peed out — ex. thiamine, B12, folate, C
fat-soluble vitamins
deficiency and excess results in disorders because excess is stored in fat cells — ex. A,
D, E, K
atoms
smallest unit of an element where its properties remain intact — all matter is composed
of atoms
electrons
negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus
neutrons
uncharged particles in the nucleus
protons
positively charged particles in the nucleus
atomic number
the number of protons — determines the identity of an atom
atomic mass
the number of protons + neutrons
molecules
when two or more atoms are joined
organic molecules
molecules with a backbone of carbon (C-C) and at least one hydrogen (C-H) — makes
up living things
inorganic molecules
molecules that lack C-C and C-H bonds — found in non living things
