BIO 1040 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE
What are the two types of cells and what distinguishes them?
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are smaller and have no membrane-bound
organelles.Eukaryotes are larger and have membrane-bound organelles
What description accurately describes the structure of phospholipids?
a. hydrophobic head, hydrophilic tail
b. hydrophobic head, hydrophobic tail
c. hydrophilic head, hydrophilic tail
d. hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail
d
Describe role that the following parts of the cell play: Cytoplasm, Cell membrane,
DNA, Ribosomes
cytoplasm - watery interiorcell membrane - flexible layer that keeps everything
contained
DNA - heritable genetic information
ribosomes - makes proteins
What is the nucleus and which type of cells (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) have it?
nucleus - holds the DNA and eukaryotic cells have it
T/F: Only prokaryotes have a cell wall
F
prokaryotes (bacteria) have it made of peptidoglycan. Some eukaryotes (plants) have it
made of cellulose. Do cells that have a cell wall also have cell membranes? - yes, they
do!
T/F: Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell. What does this mean?
T - they convert food into energy
T/F: Plants have both mitochondria and chloroplasts.
T - mitochondria - convert food into energy; chloroplasts - make food for plants
Name the organelles that only plant cells have and their function.
central vacuole - stores water
chloroplasts - photosynthesizes
cellulose cell wall - provide structural strength and support
What distinguishes Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?
Thickness of peptidoglycan cell wall, presence of extra outer lipid membrane
Gram POSITIVE - can be Gram stained - lacks extra outer lipid layer - outside of cell is
peptidoglycan cell wall and Gram stain can bind
Gram NEGATIVE - cannot be Gram stained - have extra outer lipid layer that blocks
access to peptidoglycan cell wall for the Gram stain
, Which two-word phrase most accurately describes both the composition and
structure of cell membranes?
a. dual structure
b. cellular matrix
c. phospholipid bilayer
d. molecular fluid
C
In what way do phospholipids arrange themselves to form phospholipid bilayer
cell membranes?
A. Head in, tails out
B. Heads out, tails in
C. Heads in, tails in
D. Heads out, tails out
D
When there is a concentration gradient for a given molecule, in what direction do
those molecules move?
A. Low —> High
B. High —> Low
B
What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion? Is this passive
or active transport?
What are the two factors that make active transport different from the two
methods of passive transport?
Simple diffusion - small, uncharged molecules can diffuse across membrane on their
own
Facilitated diffusion - larger or charged molecules need assistance of proteins
You have a vat of a 37% salt solution.
a) Inside the vat, there is a bag made of a selectively permeable membrane with a
30% salt solution inside. What would move (water or salt) and what direction
would it move (into or out of bag)? What special type of diffusion is this?
b) Same vat (37% salt solution). With bag of a 49% salt solution. What moves and
in what direction?
c) In what special case would you expect the volume of the bag NOT to change if
placed in a vat of a saltsolution? In this case, does water flow at all into or out of
bag?
water, out of bag
b) water, into bag
c) when they have the same concentration,
these are all examples of osmosis - when water moves but solute cannot due to
selectively permeable membrane.)
Trace the path an oxygen molecule would take to go from the air to your calf
muscle. Include as manystructures as you can. This path should include at least
LATEST UPDATE
What are the two types of cells and what distinguishes them?
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are smaller and have no membrane-bound
organelles.Eukaryotes are larger and have membrane-bound organelles
What description accurately describes the structure of phospholipids?
a. hydrophobic head, hydrophilic tail
b. hydrophobic head, hydrophobic tail
c. hydrophilic head, hydrophilic tail
d. hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail
d
Describe role that the following parts of the cell play: Cytoplasm, Cell membrane,
DNA, Ribosomes
cytoplasm - watery interiorcell membrane - flexible layer that keeps everything
contained
DNA - heritable genetic information
ribosomes - makes proteins
What is the nucleus and which type of cells (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) have it?
nucleus - holds the DNA and eukaryotic cells have it
T/F: Only prokaryotes have a cell wall
F
prokaryotes (bacteria) have it made of peptidoglycan. Some eukaryotes (plants) have it
made of cellulose. Do cells that have a cell wall also have cell membranes? - yes, they
do!
T/F: Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell. What does this mean?
T - they convert food into energy
T/F: Plants have both mitochondria and chloroplasts.
T - mitochondria - convert food into energy; chloroplasts - make food for plants
Name the organelles that only plant cells have and their function.
central vacuole - stores water
chloroplasts - photosynthesizes
cellulose cell wall - provide structural strength and support
What distinguishes Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?
Thickness of peptidoglycan cell wall, presence of extra outer lipid membrane
Gram POSITIVE - can be Gram stained - lacks extra outer lipid layer - outside of cell is
peptidoglycan cell wall and Gram stain can bind
Gram NEGATIVE - cannot be Gram stained - have extra outer lipid layer that blocks
access to peptidoglycan cell wall for the Gram stain
, Which two-word phrase most accurately describes both the composition and
structure of cell membranes?
a. dual structure
b. cellular matrix
c. phospholipid bilayer
d. molecular fluid
C
In what way do phospholipids arrange themselves to form phospholipid bilayer
cell membranes?
A. Head in, tails out
B. Heads out, tails in
C. Heads in, tails in
D. Heads out, tails out
D
When there is a concentration gradient for a given molecule, in what direction do
those molecules move?
A. Low —> High
B. High —> Low
B
What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion? Is this passive
or active transport?
What are the two factors that make active transport different from the two
methods of passive transport?
Simple diffusion - small, uncharged molecules can diffuse across membrane on their
own
Facilitated diffusion - larger or charged molecules need assistance of proteins
You have a vat of a 37% salt solution.
a) Inside the vat, there is a bag made of a selectively permeable membrane with a
30% salt solution inside. What would move (water or salt) and what direction
would it move (into or out of bag)? What special type of diffusion is this?
b) Same vat (37% salt solution). With bag of a 49% salt solution. What moves and
in what direction?
c) In what special case would you expect the volume of the bag NOT to change if
placed in a vat of a saltsolution? In this case, does water flow at all into or out of
bag?
water, out of bag
b) water, into bag
c) when they have the same concentration,
these are all examples of osmosis - when water moves but solute cannot due to
selectively permeable membrane.)
Trace the path an oxygen molecule would take to go from the air to your calf
muscle. Include as manystructures as you can. This path should include at least
