BIO 1040 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE
Define selectively permeable
Only allows specific materials to pass over the membrane. *Always from higher to lower
concentrations
Examples of selectively permeable
pasta strainer, net, filter, cell membrane, screen
Define hydrophilic
Attracted to water
Example of hydrophilic
sugar and salt
Define hydrophobic
tending to repel or fail to mix with water.
Example of hydrophobic
oil and water
Define peptidoglycan
The macromolecule found in all bacterial cell walls that gives the cell wall its rigidity.
Example of peptidoglycan
cell wall
What are the cellular structures that are found in all cells?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes
What are the cellular structures found in all eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and
lysosomes
What are the cellular structures unique to plant cells?
Chloroplasts, cell walls, and intracellular vacuoles
What is the difference in the cell wall between plants and bacteria?
The bacterial cell wall is primarily composed of peptidoglycan and the cell wall lacks
cellulose. The plant cell walls are made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and
lignin.
Cell membrane
thin, flexible boundary around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Nucleus
compartment housing the DNA; holds the genetic information and is the cells control
center
Ribosomes
Builds proteins
Mitochondrion
Completes the release of energy from food; primary role is to make ATP (energy)
Endoplasmic reticulum
Where proteins and lipids are produced; encloses a single compartment; staging for
proteins and other molecules to be transported
LATEST UPDATE
Define selectively permeable
Only allows specific materials to pass over the membrane. *Always from higher to lower
concentrations
Examples of selectively permeable
pasta strainer, net, filter, cell membrane, screen
Define hydrophilic
Attracted to water
Example of hydrophilic
sugar and salt
Define hydrophobic
tending to repel or fail to mix with water.
Example of hydrophobic
oil and water
Define peptidoglycan
The macromolecule found in all bacterial cell walls that gives the cell wall its rigidity.
Example of peptidoglycan
cell wall
What are the cellular structures that are found in all cells?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes
What are the cellular structures found in all eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and
lysosomes
What are the cellular structures unique to plant cells?
Chloroplasts, cell walls, and intracellular vacuoles
What is the difference in the cell wall between plants and bacteria?
The bacterial cell wall is primarily composed of peptidoglycan and the cell wall lacks
cellulose. The plant cell walls are made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and
lignin.
Cell membrane
thin, flexible boundary around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Nucleus
compartment housing the DNA; holds the genetic information and is the cells control
center
Ribosomes
Builds proteins
Mitochondrion
Completes the release of energy from food; primary role is to make ATP (energy)
Endoplasmic reticulum
Where proteins and lipids are produced; encloses a single compartment; staging for
proteins and other molecules to be transported
