PHYSIOLOGICAL TESTS
Phenol Red Broth
Medium for sugar fermentation testing with pH indicator.
Sugar Fermentation Test
Determines if bacteria can ferment specific sugars.
Inverted Durham Tube
Traps gas produced during sugar fermentation.
Reversion
Color change due to protein breakdown after sugar depletion.
Decarboxylation Test
Detects decarboxylase enzyme in Gram-negative bacteria.
pH indicator used in decarboxylation tests
Bromocresol Purple
Phenylalanine Deamination Test
Tests for phenylalanine deaminase enzyme presence.
Reacts with phenylpyruvic acid to indicate positive result
Ferric Chloride
Nitrate Reduction Test
Identifies bacteria reducing nitrate during anaerobic respiration.
Enzyme converting nitrate to nitrite in bacteria.
Nitratase
Reagent used to detect nitrite presence in broth
Sulfanilic Acid
Reagent indicating nitrite presence with deep red color.
Dimethyl-α-naphthylamine
Used to confirm nitrate reduction status in broth.
Zinc Powder
Hydrolysis
Chemical breakdown of substances by exoenzymes.
Bile Esculin Test
Tests for esculin hydrolysis in bile-tolerant bacteria.
Indicates positive result in bile esculin test.
Dark Brown Precipitate
Starch Hydrolysis Test
Detects amylase enzyme activity in bacteria.
Iodine Staining
Reveals starch presence by turning blue.
Urea Hydrolysis Test
Differentiates bacteria based on urea utilization.
Enzyme hydrolyzing urea into ammonium and carbon dioxide
Urease
Indicates urease activity in urea hydrolysis test
Ammonium Production
Phenol Red Broth
Medium for sugar fermentation testing with pH indicator.
Sugar Fermentation Test
Determines if bacteria can ferment specific sugars.
Inverted Durham Tube
Traps gas produced during sugar fermentation.
Reversion
Color change due to protein breakdown after sugar depletion.
Decarboxylation Test
Detects decarboxylase enzyme in Gram-negative bacteria.
pH indicator used in decarboxylation tests
Bromocresol Purple
Phenylalanine Deamination Test
Tests for phenylalanine deaminase enzyme presence.
Reacts with phenylpyruvic acid to indicate positive result
Ferric Chloride
Nitrate Reduction Test
Identifies bacteria reducing nitrate during anaerobic respiration.
Enzyme converting nitrate to nitrite in bacteria.
Nitratase
Reagent used to detect nitrite presence in broth
Sulfanilic Acid
Reagent indicating nitrite presence with deep red color.
Dimethyl-α-naphthylamine
Used to confirm nitrate reduction status in broth.
Zinc Powder
Hydrolysis
Chemical breakdown of substances by exoenzymes.
Bile Esculin Test
Tests for esculin hydrolysis in bile-tolerant bacteria.
Indicates positive result in bile esculin test.
Dark Brown Precipitate
Starch Hydrolysis Test
Detects amylase enzyme activity in bacteria.
Iodine Staining
Reveals starch presence by turning blue.
Urea Hydrolysis Test
Differentiates bacteria based on urea utilization.
Enzyme hydrolyzing urea into ammonium and carbon dioxide
Urease
Indicates urease activity in urea hydrolysis test
Ammonium Production
