PHYSIOLOGY FINAL REVIEW TEST
Axial Skeletion
The bones of the skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum
appendicular skeleton
bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities
compact bone
dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum
sponge bone
Layers of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of
compact bone.
Diaphysis (shaft)
Elongated body of a long bone ( compact)
Periosteum
A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities)
and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles.
Epiphyses
ends of long bone (sponge)
Articular cartilage
epiphyseal plate
Growth plate, made of cartilage, gradually ossifies
Medullary cavity
cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
Osteocytes
a bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has
secreted. (bone cells)
Osteon
functional unit of compact bone (Bone Cell )
Hematoma
a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.
Frontal bone
forms the forehead
Parietal bone
either of two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top
and sides of the cranium
occipital Bone
Bone that protrudes at the base of the skull
Maxilla
upper jaw bone
Mandible
lower jaw bone
Foramen magnum
opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
cervical vertebrae
neck formed of 7 vertebrae
, Thoracic Vertebrae
the second set of 12 vertebrae;
lumbar vertebrae
lower back
Sacrum
former the base of the spine and the center of the pelvis
coccyx
tailbone, 4 fused vertebrae
Vertebral Foramen
canal through which spinal cord passes
sternum
chest bone
True ribs (7)
first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum
false ribs (5)
last 5 pairs of ribs; attach indirectly to sternum
Floating ribs (2)
last two pairs of ribs; do not attach to sternum
Scapula
shoulder blade bone
glenoid cavity
socket in scapular that receives head of humerus
Clavivcle
collarbone
Humerus
upper arm bone
Radius
lateral bone (thumb side ) of the forearm
Ulna
the inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm
Carpals
Metacarpals
the five bones that form the palms of the hand
Phalanges (hand)
bones of the fingers
Articular cartilage
covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints
Coxal
pertaining to the hip
ischium bone
the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis
ilium
top part of the hip bone
Pubis bone
The lower front bones of the pelvic girdle
Sacrum
Axial Skeletion
The bones of the skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum
appendicular skeleton
bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities
compact bone
dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum
sponge bone
Layers of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of
compact bone.
Diaphysis (shaft)
Elongated body of a long bone ( compact)
Periosteum
A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities)
and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles.
Epiphyses
ends of long bone (sponge)
Articular cartilage
epiphyseal plate
Growth plate, made of cartilage, gradually ossifies
Medullary cavity
cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
Osteocytes
a bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has
secreted. (bone cells)
Osteon
functional unit of compact bone (Bone Cell )
Hematoma
a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.
Frontal bone
forms the forehead
Parietal bone
either of two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top
and sides of the cranium
occipital Bone
Bone that protrudes at the base of the skull
Maxilla
upper jaw bone
Mandible
lower jaw bone
Foramen magnum
opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
cervical vertebrae
neck formed of 7 vertebrae
, Thoracic Vertebrae
the second set of 12 vertebrae;
lumbar vertebrae
lower back
Sacrum
former the base of the spine and the center of the pelvis
coccyx
tailbone, 4 fused vertebrae
Vertebral Foramen
canal through which spinal cord passes
sternum
chest bone
True ribs (7)
first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum
false ribs (5)
last 5 pairs of ribs; attach indirectly to sternum
Floating ribs (2)
last two pairs of ribs; do not attach to sternum
Scapula
shoulder blade bone
glenoid cavity
socket in scapular that receives head of humerus
Clavivcle
collarbone
Humerus
upper arm bone
Radius
lateral bone (thumb side ) of the forearm
Ulna
the inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm
Carpals
Metacarpals
the five bones that form the palms of the hand
Phalanges (hand)
bones of the fingers
Articular cartilage
covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints
Coxal
pertaining to the hip
ischium bone
the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis
ilium
top part of the hip bone
Pubis bone
The lower front bones of the pelvic girdle
Sacrum
