COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
why can't our eyes differentiate between random and polarized light
human vision isn't sensitive to the direction of the light's vibration
what do polarized filters do
block horizontal light and reduce glare
what causes birefringence
non uniform spatial distribution in the crystal lattice of anisotropic materials
what determines if a material has birefringence
its orientation of polarized light relative to materials optical axis
how does thickness affect retardation
thicker materials will have higher retardation
what does the michel levy chart show
the relationship between birefringence, retardation, and material thickness
when does extinction occur
under cross polars when light doesn't split into 2 rays
what are the practical applications of PLM
identify fibers, detect asbestos, analyzing cosmetics/pigments
who discovered double refraction
Erasmus Bartholin
how does refractive index affect the speed of light rays
the higher the refractive index, the slower rays will move
, what creates interference colors
when fast and slow rays interact
what are crossed polars and why are they used
- when polarizer and analyzer are oriented 90 deg of each other
- to observe birefringence and extinction
what type of material acts like an isotropic material when aligned with polarized
light
anisotropic materials
what happens when polarizer and analyzer are correctly aligned
field of view appears dark
why must PLM objectives be strain free
to eliminate birefringence
what is the purpose of a full wave retardation plate
adds 550 nm in slow direction
what is a berek compensator
a quantitative compensator that adjust retardation causes increased thickness and
increases retardation values
what is the purpose of a fluorescence microscope
the illuminate a sample using high intensity light causing electrons to be excited
How does the size of a fluorochrome's conjugated system affect fluorescence
a larger conjugated system increases wavelength of the emitted fluorescence
why are filters used in fluorescence microscopy