FRSC 2600 EXAM #2 (CH. 6-11) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Alphonse BERTILLION
-Bertillion measurements
-no two people would have the same
-First type of identification
When did Francis Galton publish Fingerprints?
1892
How were fingerprints first implemented?
-The British government adopted fingerprinting as a supplement
-The next step was the creation of classification systems capable of filing many
thousands of prints in a logical and searchable sequence
Dr. Juan Vucetich vs. Sir Edward Henry
Vucetich method is used in Spanish speaking countries, while the Henry method is used
in English speaking ones
Will West and William West
Two men had identical Bertillion measurements and looked the same. Fingerprints were
the only thing that differentiated them.
When did the NYC Civil Service Commission begin fingerprinting?
1901
1904 World's Fair
Scotland Yard reps. taught American police about fingerprinting
,Case of Francesca Rojas in 1892
-Accused of murder in Argentina
-she accused her neighbor
-Vucetich found a bloody thumbprint and traced it back to her
-first major case using fingerprinting
The Case of Thomas Jennings in 1910
-Chicago
-Landmark case in fingerprint evidence in court
-Hanged
- first person in the US convicted by using fingerprints
United States v. Byron C. Mitchell
-1999 case of admissibility of fingerprint evidence
-some said fingerprints could not proven to be unique (this was wrong)
-4.5 day trial
-Daubert
-Judge upheld admissibility as scientific evidence
What are fingerprints?
-a reproduction of friction skin ridges found on the palm side of the fingers and thumbs
-Series of lines corresponding to hills (ridges) and valleys (grooves)
What are the 3 principles of fingerprints?
1. A fingerprint is an individual characteristic. No two fingers have yet been found to
possess identical ridge characteristics
2. A fingerprint remains unchanged during an individual's lifetime
, 3. Fingerprints have general ridge patterns that permit them to be systematically
classified
1. Fingerprints as an individual characteristic
-identity is determined by small areas and larger characteristics
-bifurcations
-ridge endings
-ridge clots
-ridge dots
-enclosures
-*no predetermined number of matches to determine identity. Generally 8-15
2. A fingerprint remains unchanged during an individual's lifetime
-The dermal papillae is the layer of cells between the epidermis and dermis
-It determines form and pattern of the ridges and the surface of the skin
3. Fingerprints have general ridge patterns that permit them to be systematically
classified
-All fingerprints are divided into 3 classes on the basis of their general pattern
-loops (60-65%)
-arches (5%)
-whorls(30-35%)
Loops
-must have one or more ridges entering from one side of the print, recurving, and exiting
from the same side
-ulnar loop: opens and closes toward pinkie
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Alphonse BERTILLION
-Bertillion measurements
-no two people would have the same
-First type of identification
When did Francis Galton publish Fingerprints?
1892
How were fingerprints first implemented?
-The British government adopted fingerprinting as a supplement
-The next step was the creation of classification systems capable of filing many
thousands of prints in a logical and searchable sequence
Dr. Juan Vucetich vs. Sir Edward Henry
Vucetich method is used in Spanish speaking countries, while the Henry method is used
in English speaking ones
Will West and William West
Two men had identical Bertillion measurements and looked the same. Fingerprints were
the only thing that differentiated them.
When did the NYC Civil Service Commission begin fingerprinting?
1901
1904 World's Fair
Scotland Yard reps. taught American police about fingerprinting
,Case of Francesca Rojas in 1892
-Accused of murder in Argentina
-she accused her neighbor
-Vucetich found a bloody thumbprint and traced it back to her
-first major case using fingerprinting
The Case of Thomas Jennings in 1910
-Chicago
-Landmark case in fingerprint evidence in court
-Hanged
- first person in the US convicted by using fingerprints
United States v. Byron C. Mitchell
-1999 case of admissibility of fingerprint evidence
-some said fingerprints could not proven to be unique (this was wrong)
-4.5 day trial
-Daubert
-Judge upheld admissibility as scientific evidence
What are fingerprints?
-a reproduction of friction skin ridges found on the palm side of the fingers and thumbs
-Series of lines corresponding to hills (ridges) and valleys (grooves)
What are the 3 principles of fingerprints?
1. A fingerprint is an individual characteristic. No two fingers have yet been found to
possess identical ridge characteristics
2. A fingerprint remains unchanged during an individual's lifetime
, 3. Fingerprints have general ridge patterns that permit them to be systematically
classified
1. Fingerprints as an individual characteristic
-identity is determined by small areas and larger characteristics
-bifurcations
-ridge endings
-ridge clots
-ridge dots
-enclosures
-*no predetermined number of matches to determine identity. Generally 8-15
2. A fingerprint remains unchanged during an individual's lifetime
-The dermal papillae is the layer of cells between the epidermis and dermis
-It determines form and pattern of the ridges and the surface of the skin
3. Fingerprints have general ridge patterns that permit them to be systematically
classified
-All fingerprints are divided into 3 classes on the basis of their general pattern
-loops (60-65%)
-arches (5%)
-whorls(30-35%)
Loops
-must have one or more ridges entering from one side of the print, recurving, and exiting
from the same side
-ulnar loop: opens and closes toward pinkie
