FAMU NURSING CH 6 Pathophysiology
Dr. Guthrie
Who is the slowest mechanism to react to pH changes, but is the longest lasting? -
✔️✔️renal system
Explain the renal system - ✔️✔️acts to balance pH levels by permanently removing
hydrogen from the body
What do you look out for when dealing with metabolic acidosis in a patient? - ✔️✔️an
increase potassium level
Who indicates the adequacy of pulmonary ventilation? - ✔️✔️PaCO2
What does PaCO2 mean? - ✔️✔️the partial pressure of carbon dioxide
Who indicates the activity in the kidneys to retain or excrete bicarbonate? - ✔️✔️HCO3
Is PaCO2 an acid or a base? - ✔️✔️acid
Is HCO3 an acid or a base? - ✔️✔️base
What is the normal range for pH? - ✔️✔️7.35 - 7.45
What is the normal range for PaCO2? - ✔️✔️35 - 45 mm Hg
What is the normal range for HCO3? - ✔️✔️22 - 26 mEq/L
When interpreting an ABG result what do you focus on? - ✔️✔️I focus on the pH,
PaCO2, and HCO3; focus on patterns
aldosterone - ✔️✔️is a hormone that is released to conserve more water when
necessary by increasing re-absorption of sodium and water in renal tubule
anasarca - ✔️✔️edema that is generalized throughout the body
anion - ✔️✔️are negatively charged
, antidiuretic hormome (ADH) - ✔️✔️regulates fluid volume by controlling water losses in
the urine
What does the antidiuretic hormone promotes? - ✔️✔️reabsorption of water into the
blood
Who measures the hydrogen concentration in the plasma? - ✔️✔️pH
When dealing with acid-base, respiratory always flow in what direction? - ✔️✔️opposite
Regarding to metabolic, if the pH is decreased and the HCO3 is decreased what state is
the patient in? - ✔️✔️metabolic acidosis
Describe what uncompensated means? - ✔️✔️pH is greater than less than 7.35 or
greater than 7.45
Describe what partially compensated means? - ✔️✔️when both systems, along with
the pH is abnormal
Describe what compensated means? - ✔️✔️pH is normal
Atrial natriuretic peptide - ✔️✔️a hormone released when the atria of the myocardium
is overstretched, indicating increased fluid volume
Explain in detail atrial natriuretic peptide - ✔️✔️this peptide stimulates renal
vasodilation, which increases urinary output . Plus, this hormone suppresses
aldosterone secretion, further increasing urinary output
bicarbonate - carbonic acid system - ✔️✔️a buffer mechanism that is the largest
system in the extracellular fluid
An ABG will indicate what two basic bodily functions? - ✔️✔️1. acid-base balance of
the blood
2. oxygenation status of the blood
calcium and magnesium has what kind of relationship? - ✔️✔️a synergistic
relationship, so one enhances the other
calcium - ✔️✔️- found in bone and teeth
- has an inverse relationship with phosphorus
- helps with muscle contractions, nerve signaling, blood clotting, cell division
Dr. Guthrie
Who is the slowest mechanism to react to pH changes, but is the longest lasting? -
✔️✔️renal system
Explain the renal system - ✔️✔️acts to balance pH levels by permanently removing
hydrogen from the body
What do you look out for when dealing with metabolic acidosis in a patient? - ✔️✔️an
increase potassium level
Who indicates the adequacy of pulmonary ventilation? - ✔️✔️PaCO2
What does PaCO2 mean? - ✔️✔️the partial pressure of carbon dioxide
Who indicates the activity in the kidneys to retain or excrete bicarbonate? - ✔️✔️HCO3
Is PaCO2 an acid or a base? - ✔️✔️acid
Is HCO3 an acid or a base? - ✔️✔️base
What is the normal range for pH? - ✔️✔️7.35 - 7.45
What is the normal range for PaCO2? - ✔️✔️35 - 45 mm Hg
What is the normal range for HCO3? - ✔️✔️22 - 26 mEq/L
When interpreting an ABG result what do you focus on? - ✔️✔️I focus on the pH,
PaCO2, and HCO3; focus on patterns
aldosterone - ✔️✔️is a hormone that is released to conserve more water when
necessary by increasing re-absorption of sodium and water in renal tubule
anasarca - ✔️✔️edema that is generalized throughout the body
anion - ✔️✔️are negatively charged
, antidiuretic hormome (ADH) - ✔️✔️regulates fluid volume by controlling water losses in
the urine
What does the antidiuretic hormone promotes? - ✔️✔️reabsorption of water into the
blood
Who measures the hydrogen concentration in the plasma? - ✔️✔️pH
When dealing with acid-base, respiratory always flow in what direction? - ✔️✔️opposite
Regarding to metabolic, if the pH is decreased and the HCO3 is decreased what state is
the patient in? - ✔️✔️metabolic acidosis
Describe what uncompensated means? - ✔️✔️pH is greater than less than 7.35 or
greater than 7.45
Describe what partially compensated means? - ✔️✔️when both systems, along with
the pH is abnormal
Describe what compensated means? - ✔️✔️pH is normal
Atrial natriuretic peptide - ✔️✔️a hormone released when the atria of the myocardium
is overstretched, indicating increased fluid volume
Explain in detail atrial natriuretic peptide - ✔️✔️this peptide stimulates renal
vasodilation, which increases urinary output . Plus, this hormone suppresses
aldosterone secretion, further increasing urinary output
bicarbonate - carbonic acid system - ✔️✔️a buffer mechanism that is the largest
system in the extracellular fluid
An ABG will indicate what two basic bodily functions? - ✔️✔️1. acid-base balance of
the blood
2. oxygenation status of the blood
calcium and magnesium has what kind of relationship? - ✔️✔️a synergistic
relationship, so one enhances the other
calcium - ✔️✔️- found in bone and teeth
- has an inverse relationship with phosphorus
- helps with muscle contractions, nerve signaling, blood clotting, cell division
