NURS 5433 FAMILY 2 MODULE 1 - EENT NEW EXAM WITH
100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Strabismus patho - ANSWER -misalignment of eyes; eyes don't line up in same direction
-common in kids with cerebral palsy or premies that had retinopathy at birth
-seen in TBI
-weakness or paralysis of extraocular muscles in corresponding cranial nerves
-a disruption in normal ocular or orbital tissue develops and it affects movement of the
eye
-congenital disorders: rubella, cataracts, apert syndrome, down syndrome, edwards
syndrome
-other causes in kids: severe farsightedness and ocular tumors, kids with
retinoblastoma
-adult causes: bolulism, graves, GBS, injury to eye, shellfish poisoning, stroke, TBI
Strabismus risk factors - ANSWER family history, retinopathy because of prematurity,
low birth weight, premature birth, smoking during pregnancy
Strabismus differential diagnosis - ANSWER -pseudostrabismus: false impression that
eyes are malaligned
-blurred vision
-monocular diplopia
-convergence insufficiency
-etiologic conditions
-A-pattern/ V-pattern eotropia and exotropia
Strabismus diagnostic testing - ANSWER -displaced corneal light reflex
-inability to focus on an object
,-tilting head or squinting
-abnormal cover/uncover test and nystagmus
-perform a complete ocular exam
-if you suspect tumors than do a CT or MRI
Strabismus treatment - ANSWER -refer to an opthamalogist bc they will do visual
correction by patching and vision therapy
-may require surgery
Hearing loss patho - ANSWER -Conductive hearing loss (CHL): inability of eardrum to
vibrate in response to sound; inability of ossicles to properly conduct sound; involves
external auditory canal or middle ear (sounds are diminished but not distorted)
-Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL): involves the inner ear or CN VIII; disruptions in
transmissions affect the cochlea (sounds are diminished and distorted)
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder inability to understand sound as it enters ear,
due to damage to the inner ear or acoustic nerve
Hearing loss risk factors - ANSWER -CHL: chronic allergic conditions, conditions that
cause eustachian tube obstruction, heredity
-SNHL: use of ototoxic drugs, aging (presbycusis), exposure to loud noises, syphilis,
congenital rubella infection
Differential diagnosis of hearing loss-ANSWER conductive hearing loss, sensorineural
hearing loss, conductive and sensorineural hearing losses, auditory neuropathy
spectrum disorder
Diagnostic testing for hearing loss-ANSWER -otoscopic exam
-audiometry: quantifies hearing loss
-tympanometry
-ABR or auditory evoked potential
-otoacoustic emissions (OAEs)
, -brainstem audio-evoked response
-tuning fork
-whisper test
-CT or MRI head to r/o tumor
-rinne test
Non pharmacologic treatment for hearing loss-ANSWER -removal of cerumen with warm
water
-close monitoring of hearing loss
-development of lip reading skills for untreatable forms
-telephone amplifying devices
-TV and radio listening system/ headphones
-hearing aid
-surgical repair of eardrum
-insertion of tymphanostomy tubes to remove fluid
-cochlear implant for severe hearing loss
Hearing loss pharm treatment - ANSWER -agents used to soften ear wax: cerumen
impaction
-antibiotics
-corticosteroids as initial tx within 2 weeks of symptom onset
-hyperbaric oxygen therapy combined with steroid therapy within 2 weeks of onset
-intratympanic steroids: incomplete recovery from initial treatment
Follow-up on hearing loss depends on etiology and severity of loss; ENT referral,
genetic counseling, testing
Organism causing otitis media streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae, moraxella
catarrhalis, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Strabismus patho - ANSWER -misalignment of eyes; eyes don't line up in same direction
-common in kids with cerebral palsy or premies that had retinopathy at birth
-seen in TBI
-weakness or paralysis of extraocular muscles in corresponding cranial nerves
-a disruption in normal ocular or orbital tissue develops and it affects movement of the
eye
-congenital disorders: rubella, cataracts, apert syndrome, down syndrome, edwards
syndrome
-other causes in kids: severe farsightedness and ocular tumors, kids with
retinoblastoma
-adult causes: bolulism, graves, GBS, injury to eye, shellfish poisoning, stroke, TBI
Strabismus risk factors - ANSWER family history, retinopathy because of prematurity,
low birth weight, premature birth, smoking during pregnancy
Strabismus differential diagnosis - ANSWER -pseudostrabismus: false impression that
eyes are malaligned
-blurred vision
-monocular diplopia
-convergence insufficiency
-etiologic conditions
-A-pattern/ V-pattern eotropia and exotropia
Strabismus diagnostic testing - ANSWER -displaced corneal light reflex
-inability to focus on an object
,-tilting head or squinting
-abnormal cover/uncover test and nystagmus
-perform a complete ocular exam
-if you suspect tumors than do a CT or MRI
Strabismus treatment - ANSWER -refer to an opthamalogist bc they will do visual
correction by patching and vision therapy
-may require surgery
Hearing loss patho - ANSWER -Conductive hearing loss (CHL): inability of eardrum to
vibrate in response to sound; inability of ossicles to properly conduct sound; involves
external auditory canal or middle ear (sounds are diminished but not distorted)
-Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL): involves the inner ear or CN VIII; disruptions in
transmissions affect the cochlea (sounds are diminished and distorted)
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder inability to understand sound as it enters ear,
due to damage to the inner ear or acoustic nerve
Hearing loss risk factors - ANSWER -CHL: chronic allergic conditions, conditions that
cause eustachian tube obstruction, heredity
-SNHL: use of ototoxic drugs, aging (presbycusis), exposure to loud noises, syphilis,
congenital rubella infection
Differential diagnosis of hearing loss-ANSWER conductive hearing loss, sensorineural
hearing loss, conductive and sensorineural hearing losses, auditory neuropathy
spectrum disorder
Diagnostic testing for hearing loss-ANSWER -otoscopic exam
-audiometry: quantifies hearing loss
-tympanometry
-ABR or auditory evoked potential
-otoacoustic emissions (OAEs)
, -brainstem audio-evoked response
-tuning fork
-whisper test
-CT or MRI head to r/o tumor
-rinne test
Non pharmacologic treatment for hearing loss-ANSWER -removal of cerumen with warm
water
-close monitoring of hearing loss
-development of lip reading skills for untreatable forms
-telephone amplifying devices
-TV and radio listening system/ headphones
-hearing aid
-surgical repair of eardrum
-insertion of tymphanostomy tubes to remove fluid
-cochlear implant for severe hearing loss
Hearing loss pharm treatment - ANSWER -agents used to soften ear wax: cerumen
impaction
-antibiotics
-corticosteroids as initial tx within 2 weeks of symptom onset
-hyperbaric oxygen therapy combined with steroid therapy within 2 weeks of onset
-intratympanic steroids: incomplete recovery from initial treatment
Follow-up on hearing loss depends on etiology and severity of loss; ENT referral,
genetic counseling, testing
Organism causing otitis media streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae, moraxella
catarrhalis, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
