Geology 101 TAMU Final Exam Latest Update
2024-2025 Actual Exam from Credible Source
with 150 Questions and 100% Verified Detailed
Correct Answers Guaranteed A+ Approved by
Professor
· Alpine-type mountain building (and 2 examples) - CORRECT ANSWER: o Continental
Collisions - Large mountain chains formed by compressional stresses associated with
continental convergence
o deformation of a thick sequence of sedimentary rocks into a fold-andthrust belt
o deep igneous and metamorphic activity, but little or no volcanism
o a suture zone where the two continents meet
- 2 examples: Alps in Europe, Himalayas in India, Appalachians in the U.S.
· Andean-type mountain building - CORRECT ANSWER: o Subduction beneath a
continent
o Volcanic mountain growth is triggered by partial melting in the mantle wedge and
lower continental crust
o Crustal thickening may be supplemented by thrust faulting caused by the
compressional stresses of convergence
· Cirque, Arete, Horn - CORRECT ANSWER: o Cirques - Glaciers typically form high in
the mountains, carving out bowl-shaped depressions
o Arête - a sharp-edged ridge
o Horn is a pyramid-like peak
· Contamination - CORRECT ANSWER: o Anything poured on the ground, sprayed onto
plants, or buried in the ground has the potential to work its way into aquifers
o Leaking landfills or pipelines - Household chemicals, motor oil, etc.
,· Cordilleran-type mountain building (and 1 example in North America) - CORRECT
ANSWER: o The collision of volcanic island arcs or small slivers of continental crust with
the edge of a continent to form mountainous regions
o Accreted terranes make up much of western North America in the Cordilleran
mountain belt from Alaska to Mexico.
· Drift, Till, and Stratified drift - CORRECT ANSWER: o Drift - any sediment of glacial
origin
o Till - rock debris that is deposited directly by the ice - Dropped where the ice melts
o Stratified drift - sediments deposited by glacial meltwater (often by streams) - Sorted
and bedded
· Glacial striations and grooves - CORRECT ANSWER: o carved into bedrock by glacial
abrasion
· Glacial trough (U-shaped valley), Fjord (fiord) - CORRECT ANSWER: o Valley glaciers
widen and deepen stream valleys, creating U-shaped glacial troughs
o Fjords (or fiords) are deep, steep-sided inlets of the sea
· Ground rupture - CORRECT ANSWER: o Includes fracturing and displacement of
roads, bridges, and other structures
· Groundwater supply (and mining groundwater) - CORRECT ANSWER: o In most
highly populated areas, groundwater should be considered nonrenewable
· Hanging valley - CORRECT ANSWER: o A glacier in the main valley typically erodes
more deeply than tributary glaciers
· Jetties, groins - CORRECT ANSWER: o built perpendicular to the shoreline and
extend into the ocean
o Trap sand transported by the longshore current, depriving unprotected areas of sand
, o Erosion occurs down the beach
o No longer a preferred method to stop beach erosion
· Lateral, medial, and end moraines - CORRECT ANSWER: o lateral moraine - is till that
is transported and deposited along the sides of a glacier
o Medial moraines - transported along the middle of the glacier surface after two
glaciers merge
§ rarely preserved after the glacier melts
· Liquefaction - what is it and why is it significant - CORRECT ANSWER: o Groundwater
may be mobilized during an earthquake, saturating loose sediment and making it
behave like a fluid, similar to quicksand.
· oceanic crust vs. continental crust - CORRECT ANSWER: o oceanic:
§ Forms at mid-ocean ridges
§ Averages 7 km thick
§ Composed of basalt and gabbro
§ Average density of 3.0 g/cm3
o Continental:
§ Heterogeneous structure and composition (generally granitic)
§ Averages 40 km thick
§ Thickest (70 km) at mountains like the Himalayas and Thinnest (20 km) in the Basin
and Range region
§ Average density of 2.7 g/cm3
· Tsunamis (know their detailed characteristics) - CORRECT ANSWER: o A series of
large ocean waves generated by slip on a submarine fault or by a coastal volcanic
eruption
o - Can travel across the ocean at 800 km/hr (500 mph)
o - In open water, the wave height is less than 1 meter, making it difficult to detect, but
close to shore, the water "piles up" and may reach heights greater than 30 meters
2024-2025 Actual Exam from Credible Source
with 150 Questions and 100% Verified Detailed
Correct Answers Guaranteed A+ Approved by
Professor
· Alpine-type mountain building (and 2 examples) - CORRECT ANSWER: o Continental
Collisions - Large mountain chains formed by compressional stresses associated with
continental convergence
o deformation of a thick sequence of sedimentary rocks into a fold-andthrust belt
o deep igneous and metamorphic activity, but little or no volcanism
o a suture zone where the two continents meet
- 2 examples: Alps in Europe, Himalayas in India, Appalachians in the U.S.
· Andean-type mountain building - CORRECT ANSWER: o Subduction beneath a
continent
o Volcanic mountain growth is triggered by partial melting in the mantle wedge and
lower continental crust
o Crustal thickening may be supplemented by thrust faulting caused by the
compressional stresses of convergence
· Cirque, Arete, Horn - CORRECT ANSWER: o Cirques - Glaciers typically form high in
the mountains, carving out bowl-shaped depressions
o Arête - a sharp-edged ridge
o Horn is a pyramid-like peak
· Contamination - CORRECT ANSWER: o Anything poured on the ground, sprayed onto
plants, or buried in the ground has the potential to work its way into aquifers
o Leaking landfills or pipelines - Household chemicals, motor oil, etc.
,· Cordilleran-type mountain building (and 1 example in North America) - CORRECT
ANSWER: o The collision of volcanic island arcs or small slivers of continental crust with
the edge of a continent to form mountainous regions
o Accreted terranes make up much of western North America in the Cordilleran
mountain belt from Alaska to Mexico.
· Drift, Till, and Stratified drift - CORRECT ANSWER: o Drift - any sediment of glacial
origin
o Till - rock debris that is deposited directly by the ice - Dropped where the ice melts
o Stratified drift - sediments deposited by glacial meltwater (often by streams) - Sorted
and bedded
· Glacial striations and grooves - CORRECT ANSWER: o carved into bedrock by glacial
abrasion
· Glacial trough (U-shaped valley), Fjord (fiord) - CORRECT ANSWER: o Valley glaciers
widen and deepen stream valleys, creating U-shaped glacial troughs
o Fjords (or fiords) are deep, steep-sided inlets of the sea
· Ground rupture - CORRECT ANSWER: o Includes fracturing and displacement of
roads, bridges, and other structures
· Groundwater supply (and mining groundwater) - CORRECT ANSWER: o In most
highly populated areas, groundwater should be considered nonrenewable
· Hanging valley - CORRECT ANSWER: o A glacier in the main valley typically erodes
more deeply than tributary glaciers
· Jetties, groins - CORRECT ANSWER: o built perpendicular to the shoreline and
extend into the ocean
o Trap sand transported by the longshore current, depriving unprotected areas of sand
, o Erosion occurs down the beach
o No longer a preferred method to stop beach erosion
· Lateral, medial, and end moraines - CORRECT ANSWER: o lateral moraine - is till that
is transported and deposited along the sides of a glacier
o Medial moraines - transported along the middle of the glacier surface after two
glaciers merge
§ rarely preserved after the glacier melts
· Liquefaction - what is it and why is it significant - CORRECT ANSWER: o Groundwater
may be mobilized during an earthquake, saturating loose sediment and making it
behave like a fluid, similar to quicksand.
· oceanic crust vs. continental crust - CORRECT ANSWER: o oceanic:
§ Forms at mid-ocean ridges
§ Averages 7 km thick
§ Composed of basalt and gabbro
§ Average density of 3.0 g/cm3
o Continental:
§ Heterogeneous structure and composition (generally granitic)
§ Averages 40 km thick
§ Thickest (70 km) at mountains like the Himalayas and Thinnest (20 km) in the Basin
and Range region
§ Average density of 2.7 g/cm3
· Tsunamis (know their detailed characteristics) - CORRECT ANSWER: o A series of
large ocean waves generated by slip on a submarine fault or by a coastal volcanic
eruption
o - Can travel across the ocean at 800 km/hr (500 mph)
o - In open water, the wave height is less than 1 meter, making it difficult to detect, but
close to shore, the water "piles up" and may reach heights greater than 30 meters
